No 2-1 (2015)

One of the main requirements to the distributed training systems is the minimal interaction between its components located in various computers; the provision of variations of computer technologies studying. In this respect, the authors proved that the development of intelligent training systems should be based on a syncretical solution of the problems in the sphere of computer technologies and didactics.

This work proved the applicability of agent-oriented approach while developing new generation intelligent training systems that allows to implement specific algorithms of interaction of intelligent training systems separate components in case of the system unspecified algorithm in the whole.

Basing on the analysis of mathematical methods used while developing training systems the authors have chosen the method based on the integration of several mathematical methods, such as neuro-fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno-Kang system. It carries out training using the genetic algorithm.

The authors introduced the methodology of development of functioning algorithms of intelligent agents which includes the following operating actions: the definition of input and output variables; the selection of model for the rule base derivation and formation; the selection of fuzzification function and the definition of training set parameters; the definition of belonging of training set elements to fuzzy rules; the fuzzification layer parameters settings; the conclusion layer parameters settings. The authors developed the functioning algorithm of a subsystem of the intelligent behavior of a correcting agent of individual educational course. The developed algorithm realizes the variations of free choice degree of the learner’s individual educational course depending on the current monitoring results, the solved problems difficulty level and the quantity of prompts given while solving problems. The authors presented the fragments of settings and testing of the developed algorithm.

Basing on the developed algorithm of functioning of subsystem of intelligent agent’s behaviour the authors created the intelligent training system on the discipline “Fundamental management” which efficiency has been proved by the students of Orenburg state university.

To the issue of modeling of design technology of new reactors based on the physicochemical properties of MOX-fuel, the authors considered the existing mathematical models for estimation of neutronics and radiation characteristics of the main experimental volumes using the example of the designed fast research reactor. The efficient use of MOX-fuel is achieved when combusting it in fast reactors; and its production is possible by processing irradiated fuel of power reactors. The use of MOX-fuel in existing reactors requires significant alterations (introduction of more control rods), but it will be possible in full in specially designed MBIR reactor. One of the attractive properties of MOX-fuel is that during its production it is possible to dispose the extra amount of weapon grade plutonium, which otherwise would be the radioactive wastes. For central serpentine passage, the authors get the estimations of average and maximum neutron flux density, axial distribution of neutron flux density that is actual for the issue of radiation resistance of the materials used in modern reactor engineering. The design model is developed on the basis of MCU applied software package (MCU-RR2 version) implementing the paradigm of Monte-Carlo method when drawing the traces of neutrons and gamma-quanta in 3D geometry for mutual simulation of neutrons and photons flux functionality in the research nuclear reactors, basing on the estimated nuclear data. 

For vertical experimental channel, the authors determined the dependences of specific induced activity and induced activity of commercial nitrogen gas on the operation time of reactor in order to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the materials used for the cooling of channel supposed for the nuclear doping of silicon. Simulation of the cooling environment activation was carried out by means of mathematical modeling of kinetics of nuclide transformations according to the UPM-PREPRO_2007-FENDL-2.0-ENDF/B-VII.0 software complex, where PREPRO_2007 is the package of utilities for the preprocessing of nuclear data in ENDF/B format.

The authors studied the influence of structural and mechanical heterogeneity of welded joints on bearing capacity characteristics of high-strength steels of K52 (09G2S and 17G1SU brands), K56 (09G2FB), K66 (10HSND) and K70 (10G2FBYU) grades. The authors identified the topography of mechanical heterogeneity of welded elements having soft interlayers in the welded seam area and (or) the near-weld area, the range of thickness ratio of which varies from 0.6 to 0.8. It is proved that the soft interlayers in the welded joints cause the reduction of strength index up to 30%, and the specific fracture work up to 50%. The influence of mechanical heterogeneity on the resistance to breakage in the result of reaction of aggressive corrosive petroleum products was estimated on the example of environmentat tests of welded elements of connection units. The study showed the corrosion velocity increase and the substantial reduction of plasticity index for the soft interlayer metal (near-weld area) in comparison with the base metal during the whole lifetime.

The significant decline of parameters of fracture toughness during the operating time, which is especially intensively manifested during the first three years of operation, was revealed. The authors estimated the influence of thermal cyclic treatment on the mechanical heterogeneity and the indicators of fracture resistance of welded elements. The quantitative assessment of the influence of thermal treatment on the survivability of welded structure elements as the ability to resist destruction in the presence of damages was fulfilled. The analysis of test results for static and cyclic crack resistance allowed to determine the limiting size of damages and residual life of welded elements, as well as to analyze their changes after the thermal treatment. The transformation of the strain-stress state nature during the thermal cyclic treatment is shown.

The article presents the experimentally obtained information about the peculiarities of operation of steel roof truss strengthened under the load by means of increase of the section of its fixed columns. The truss was made of angle bend bar with the joining of columns to the gasset plates.

The testing was carried out on the testing facility using the existing equipment. The author used the load in the form of panel load to the top-chord. Stresses in the columns and plates were controlled using the loop strength resistance strain gauges. To fix the offsets of strengthened columns and deflections in the whole truss, the strain flexometers were installed.

Non-strengthened structure was tested before the main testing in order to study the operation of truss before the strengthening.

The following main testing was carried out: strengthening of two rising diagonals and two top-chord panels. Angle bend columns with welded joining according to the “box” scheme were used as the elements of strengthening. The welding was carried out manually by stick electrodes. Welding current and voltage were controlled using the clip-on instrument; the welding speed was measured.

The loading was specified according to the accepted while strengthening each column forcing value. One of the rising diagonals was strengthened by the forcing equal to 0,9 of specified bearing capacity, the other columns by the forcing equal to 0,8 of specified value.

The order of joining was according to the theory conclusions: with the initial applying of end continuous seams within the plates and the following weld facing of joining intermitted seams along the length of the element.

The article shows that for creation of electric arc model it is appropriate to use the methods of investigation of electric arc with changing its parameters through time. The comparison of four different models of volt-ampere characteristic of the AC arc in the arc steel furnace showed that three of these four models did not allow obtaining a consistent range of higher harmonics of current and voltage generated by electric arc furnaces. They do not display the inertia of thermal processes during the arc ignition and extinction as a result of which the curves of current and arc voltage in these models differ from the actual furnace arcs oscillograms. To compare the results of the arc voltage-current characteristics modeling against each other and with the results of experimental studies, the model of one phase of electric power supply system with electric arc steel furnace was created in Matlab (Simulink). While calculating the higher harmonics of current and voltage, the equivalent circuit parameters of a furnace transformer and a low-voltage circuit for a DSP-100NZA furnace with a furnace transformer capacity of 50 MVA were used. The authors obtained the diagrams of arc voltage, the voltage on low voltage buses of furnace transformer and the arc current for each model of volt-ampere characteristic. The research showed that more coincidences of the results of harmonic analysis of currents and voltages with experimental data is observed for the VAC model, which takes into account the inertia of thermal processes in the arc and the electrodes.

This article covers the issue of influence of mass media on formation of public opinion regarding foreign policy. The article gives the definitions of notions “others”, “political elites”, “public opinion”, “public opinion sounding”, “communication mechanism” and attempts to describe the role of influence of mass media on the results of public opinion. The author overviews the Russian and translated foreign literature addressed the study of this problem and outlines scientific areas where the study of public opinion is carried out. The article emphasizes the communication mechanisms of interaction of political elites and the society. The author considers the operation characteristics of communication mechanism of the Russian-language mass media in Latvia the main goal of which is the formation of the Latvian people opinion on the issues of foreign policy regarding Russia. The influence of the Russian-language mass media in Latvia is considered as a specific mechanism of public opinion formation created by the political elites and functioning through mass media. The author mentions the names of principal printed mass media and the names of the owners of                        publishing houses printing the Russian-language mass media. It is noted that the essential factor for formation of the opinion on foreign policy for the Russian-language population in Latvia is that how the Russian-language print press of Latvia covers the international events. The author tells about the status of the Russian-language mass media in Latvia before and after the crisis, notes the prior to the crisis possibility of the population to get the information on the foreign policy issues from different sources. The article overviews the status of the Russian-language mass media after the crisis of 2008 which effects the cut of variety of published assessments of the international events. The author considers the peculiarities of the Russian-language mass media in Latvia, and in particular, their belonging to the publishing houses led by Russian business elites, and highlights the peculiarities of the state of affairs of publishing houses which have been publishing the Russian-language newspapers and magazines for many years. The article pays special attention to the fact how mass media help to form the public opinion of the Russian-language population of Latvia, the main consumer of the Russian-language information on the state of affairs in Russia and the relations between Latvia and Russia.

The article studies such phenomenon of mass communication as the language of advertisement. The author gives definitions to such concepts as the “language of advertisement”, “text of advertisement”, and makes an attempt to differentiate between these concepts. The article presents a review of Russian and translated foreign literature researching this issue, outlines scientific areas which study advertising. The article describes basic characteristics peculiar for advertisement texts: both linguistic and extra-linguistic. It considers functional characteristics of advertisement text, goals for its creation, and the mission it has – to influence a consumer using various psychological, linguistic, visual (graphic) and other means. The language of advertisement is considered as a specific linguistic structure that develops according to its on laws, breaking sometimes standard norms to emphasize influence on the addressee because it pursues its own non-linguistic objectives. The main communicative aim of an advertisement is to force the consumer to choose the products, goods or services advertised. The article tells about specifics of advertising texts which consists of using both verbal and non-verbal elements regardless of the type of advertisement. Linguistic peculiarities of advertisement texts are studied in the article. The author distinguishes a number of linguistic means used in creation of an advertisement that are grouped as phonetic, lexical, syntactic, morphological, stylistic and the other. The main consideration is given to the use of stylistic and lexical linguistic means. In particular, the paper gives examples of using such linguistic means in advertisements as metaphor, hyperbola, personification, repetition, idiomatic expressions, neologism, jargon, etc.

The article studies and describes the use of adverbs with semantics of insignificant feature as euphemisms in a literary text. Their use is analyzed in five aspects: in aspect of their functioning in language and speech, semantic aspect, morphological aspect, syntactic aspect, and stylistic aspect. The author defines and differentiates the concepts of “euphemism” and “semantic operator”. Adverbs with semantics of insignificant feature in the aspect of a dichotomy "language – speech" as a part of combinations are capable to perform the function of both occasional and usual euphemisms. Not all the words and word collocations which "soften" a negative assessment are euphemisms. Euphemisms have accurate linguistic "borders". Everything that is outside their theme groups can soften the negative assessment of a statement, may have pragmatic value, but is not the euphemism. Adverbs like a little and a few as parts of combinations adjoin the language units as euphemisms possessing a certain morphemic structure: to full and short adjectives, to predicatives with a suffix of incompleteness of expression of a sign -ovat-/-evat-; to expressional ways of verbal action. The adverbs characterizing insignificant features are capable to perform the euphemism function as a part of combination. Adverbs with semantics of insignificant feature as euphemisms are capable to be used in combination with other tropes: meiosis, litotes, and irony.

The article researches sociocultural features of charity in the Russian society. The Russian charity is a difficult, multicomponent phenomenon that has a long history and traditions. Types and forms of charity had transformed through the centuries: subjects, objects and motives of philanthropy changed. The system of state regulation of this sphere had been transforming during the Russian history. However, the aspects of charity connected with its fundamental bases remain invariable so far. The article studies the phenomenon of the Russian charity in the context of ontological dichotomy "statics-dynamics". Charity remains invariable in its ontological bases, but still undergoes certain transformations. The author analyses fundamental static bases of charity fixed in mentality of the Russian people. Static character is based on the peculiar features of mentality of the Russian superethnos and is reflected in preservation of its main purposes and in stability of socio-cultural tradition to help the most unprotected groups of the population. It is considered to be the foreground area of charitable assistance in all historical practices and all forms of charity. As for dynamic changes of the Russian charity, they have been analyzed in the context of globalization which is considered as an attempt of westernisation of social culture of the Russian superethnos. The author grounds the hypothesis according to which dynamic changes are caused by globalization processes and connected with emergence of new charitable practices of consumer society, with change of the state role, with structural transformation of the former institutional forms of public life, and with evolution of institutes of the civil society.

The article deals with the linguistic status of a subject in various genres of juridical discourse; analyzes the linguistic means which are involved in verbalization of the speaking subject. The author emphasizes that the subject can be verbalized in different ways in juridical discourse depending on its involvement in the discourse expert community. The author reevaluates the established in discourse-analysis point of view on the juridical discourse as an institutional form of communication only, specifying its status with the account of modern linguistics achievements. On the base of analysis the author distinguishes between two types of subjects in legal discourse – an I-subject and an institutional subject. The author notes that an I-subject is verbalized explicitly in discourse, not being at the back of impersonal constructions, while an institutional subject “masks” its personality for the sake of objectiveness of stated information, follows the discourse community conventions. The author distinguishes the linguistic means involved in the speaking subject positioning. They are as follows: first person subject pronouns, proper name, institutional role subject name, impersonal constructions. The graded subject representation in English and Russian legal discourse is considered as the interlingual and intercultural trends. The research is based on the achievements of theory of postmodernism (М. Foucault, R. Barthes, G. Deleuze et al.) and anthropocentrism (Yu. S. Stepanov, E. Benveniste, E.S. Kubryakova et al.) as well as on discourse analysis (V.I. Karasik, A.M. Kaplunenko, S.N. Plotnikova, E.F. Serebrennikova, E.I. Sheigal, J. Swales et al.).

The article contains the approach analyses of target program efficiency evaluation on the base of road fund. Taking into consideration of modern methods of target budget program efficiency evaluation, the complex model of road fund efficiency evaluation is developed. The main problems of functioning and road economy specific characteristics according to particular feature categories were identified. Efficiency principles, process periodization of target program efficiency evaluation, criteria and efficiency indicators, efficiency levels are indicated. This model is based on consolidation of budget, social, administrative and economic effects evaluation. To optimize efficiency evaluation of road fund means usage, the main evaluation phases are determined, such as preliminary, estimated productive and final. It is proved that one of the directions connected with effectiveness increase of road fund payout is indicator monitoring characterizing optimal problem solution of their formation, financing and realization. The main approaches of working out methods of target program efficiency evaluation of road fund such as complex, integral and hierarchal-cumulative ones are defined. The certain criteria of efficiency indicators of road fund target programs in account of budget, social, administrative and economic effects are suggested. The article contains some arguments devoted to criteria of efficiency usage of road fund means, which make possible to have the permanent qualitative monitoring of target program realization. The system of indicators and criteria of road fund target program efficiency evaluation, encouraging systemization of different efficiency aspects, which are not exclusive but quite complementary in one complex is suggested. The advantages of road fund means usage in program-target budgeting practice are indicated.

According to W. Humboldt, the language consists of the matter (substance) and form. “Real matter of the language is, on the one hand, a sound in general and, on the other hand, a complex of sensory impressions and involuntary movement of the spirit which precede the formation of a concept that is created with the language”. It is impossible to speak about a linguistic matter without meaning a form: “in the absolute sense, there cannot be any unformed matter in the language”; in particular a sound “becomes articulate due to giving it a form”. The form, not minor matter, is the essence of the language.

Contrast between the form and matter was terminologically created by Aristotle, but conceptually outlined by Plato.

The article studies the concepts “the form”, “the matter” – ambiguity, characteristics, relationships, and the use of these concepts in philosophy and linguistics. The concepts of “form” and “matter” are everywhere. To some extent, however, the form in relation to the matter is more important and, therefore, basic. The content, in its turn, may also be opposed to the form. The paper proves the ambiguity of form and matter on the examples (from Aristotle and Kant to contemporary philosophers and linguists). The definition of the matter as the “material” (on the one hand) and “form” (the other hand) is given. It shows how important for the development of the meaning of “form” is the view of the “shape” in terms of image. This article contrasts the views of the German linguist A. Marty and the German philosopher and linguist W. Wundt on the concepts “form” and “matter”. A. Marty, through bringing substantial arguments, proves Wundt's erroneous views.

This article covers the issue of formation of method competence of a university teacher in the frames of use of distance educational technology and introduction of innovations into educational process. Global reforming of Russian national educational system is accompanied by the large-scale introduction of modern educational technologies, the application of which is impossible without competent academic staff able to adapt traditional methods of teaching to the new conditions of the educational systems integration. The article presents the theoretical study relative to the development of interpretation of the “method competence” notion, makes an effort to improve the structure of method competence basing on the competence analysis. The author identified the interrelation of the types of methodological activities and the methodological competence elements, showed the influence of methodological activity on the formation of methods competence of a university teacher. In this context, it is offered to specify within the method competence structure the innovative component to be an independent. The article shows the relation between the methodically proper organized educational courses and the successful application of the distance educational technologies, introduction of the innovations into the educational process that builds up the ensuring of the innovative mobility of the students. The article considers the necessity of having formed method competence of the academic staff, which encourages the integration of science and education and is one of the key indicators of the education quality. The author concentrates on the issue of formation of the method competence of a university teacher when he/she carries out different types of methodological activity, and notes that this problem is not resolved yet and, in this connection, it is greatly attractive for further study.

This article describes approaches to building an individual management conception of the head of a pre-school educational institution. The concept of administrative activity of the head is built on the basis of process, systematic and synergetic approaches. Each approach has been described, and positive aspects of their implementation have been outlined. Use of these approaches allows the author to consider an individual management concept (activity) of the director as an element of primary importance in the chain of innovative reforms which take place in modern preschool educational institutions. It turns out to be an integral managed system in the unity of its targets and structural components which are connected with each other and the external environment. The article reveals various aspects of a personality, and defines the structure of management activity. The process approach assumes that management leader focused on achieving specific goals of the organization that provides planning, motivation and control. The main disadvantage of this approach is that management activity is concentrated only on the internal problems of the organization, although solving problems does not always bring success. Thus, the management process cannot be focused only on the internal problems of the institution, but should be focused primarily on the goals set by the managers. System approach to management activities allows considering it as a system, providing it with a relation with other systems, and increasing their efficiency and effectiveness. To determine the management conception it is important to apply synergetic approach. Attempts to give the definition of the management conception of the director can be made with the help of synergy. A synergetic approach to building the management conception of director as a complex system requires activity of this system, i.e. the activity of the supervisor. In addition, synergistic approach substantiates the importance of considering our system through its components. To build the management conception of director, the author tries to combine process, systematic and synergetic approaches which allow them to select the content of management activity that helps the system to evolve and determine its strategy. The article presents a model of individual management concept of the head of a pre-school educational institution; its main function is to describe objectives, contents and principles of increasing the management competence of the director and professional awareness of the teaching staff. The author offers individual routes of director of a preschool educational institution. Special attention is paid to the principles and directions of educational policy of the institutions, including pre-school educational institutions.

The article considers theoretical background for designing the profiling system of mathematical preparation of bachelors based on an integrative approach to learning. Needs analysis of mathematics use in study of the related subjects has shown that nowadays the traditional contradiction exists between the need for profile differentiation in mathematical education of specialists and the traditional approaches to mathematical training of technical university students. The problem arises from the identified contradictions – to differentiate scientific generalizations, develop on their basis effective pedagogical techniques for teaching the professionally-oriented courses in higher vocational mathematical education.

Study of the students’ level of scientific concepts awareness has allowed to state that current mathematical training of students of technical colleges does not provide systematic knowledge on implementation of interscientific concepts required for engineers in their professional activities. Deficiency of adequate professionally-oriented bonds can be solved by planned and purposeful development of content and methodology of mathematics course, and disclosure of its practical aspect through profile differentiation in the course of higher mathematics.

The article offers conceptual provisions and a suggested spatio-temporal model of technology for profiling mathematical education of students of technical colleges, as well as methods of its implementation. The authors describe the experimental survey that proves the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The article discusses the concept of “teachers' potential”, conditions for development of the potential in the process of vocational education, development of teachers’ culture of investing in “themselves”, actualization of the potential at the stage of continuous professional activities through the development and implementation of social and educational projects in pre-school organizations (PSO).

The author: a) explores the interpretation of the concept "teacher’s potential" as an integral personal quality, which implies the ability to proceed from the humanistic sense and legal orientation in professional work, to organize an effective professional activity that stimulates initiative, cognitive and social activity, promotes individuality of the person; b) proposes to add to the capacity such a characteristic manifestation of personality as the willingness of the teacher to continuous self-development and investment "in oneself"; c) clarifies the concept "culture of investing in oneself" as a personal representation of a teacher implying awareness of their needs and opportunities for their continuing development at every stage of the life cycle and professional activities in order to achieve a state of congruence (lat. congruens – integrity), comprehensiveness of existence; d) identifies the formation stages of investment culture: a vocational training stage, which involves awareness by a teacher of the needs to develop their own resources and capacities; a step of additional vocational education characterized by the acquisition of professional teaching experience and searching for effective ways to transmit the social experience to students, as well as conditions for actualization of teacher’s potential at PSO including ensuring the selection of specific activities and their proportionate alternation in the course of professional activity; and modeling of the socio-educational environment for the formation of the common culture of children and teachers; d) presents the experience of the teachers innovative activity at PSO "Solnyshko" (Sengiley town) and PSO "Romashka" (village Isheevka) in Ulyanovsk region, showing the model of educational environment aimed at formation of the common culture of children and teachers through implementation of socio-educational projects.

The article introduces the model of educational process quality management at the university. Taking into account the employers’ requirements for the quality of high university degree specialists training is the core element of this system. The author of the article considers the employers as an active stakeholder of the university whose demand and requirements are taken into account at all stages of management cycle. The author lays down the main theorizes which are the basis for the model formation: the theory of higher education quality management on the monitoring basis (E. Sakharchuk, M. Chandra etc.), the theory of total quality control, the model of total quality control. While forming the model, Plan-Do-Check-Act steps of Shewhart-Deming cycle are taken into consideration, that allows to assure the integrity of the educational process quality management due to the stages repeatability. 

The author’s model includes three stages: the development of qualitative educational process model, the implementation of qualitative educational process, and the improvement of educational process quality. The article describes each stage, including the functions of the employers which are implemented on every stage of higher educational process management: prognostic, reformative and expert, and the forms of interaction of world of work and the high schools.

The author underlines the importance of monitoring of the stakeholders’ requirements. It’s shown as the integral element of the educational process quality management system at the university which is implemented implicitly at every stage.

The author proves the criteria for development of monitoring instruments which help to find out the stakeholders’ requirements for the quality of all components of educational process: the goals, the technologies and the matter.

This article covers the theoretical aspects of the process of formation of region-oriented communicative competence of future bachelors of “Tourism” degree program at the university. Earlier, it was defined that this competence is focused on cross-cultural communication of future bachelor of tourism in the area of his professional activity. Consequently, this competence is formed within the frames of professional training in the process of learning foreign languages. The formation of the region-oriented communicative competence of future bachelors of tourism is carried out on the base of educational technologies helping to answer the important questions: “what to teach?”, “what to learn?”, “how to teach?”, “by what means to teach?”. Subsequently, this article covers the theoretical aspects of content of teaching foreign languages, structure-procedural aspect – teaching forms, methods and means used for teaching foreign languages and encouraging the effective formation of this competence.

The article considers the principles of communicative-cognitive approach to teaching foreign languages. The author defines the role of a teacher in the foreign communication teaching. The study determined that the formation of region-oriented communicative competence of future bachelors of tourism is being carried out using the traditional methods and information and communicative technologies. Among the traditional teaching methods, the author notes the discussion method, case-study method, and role and business games. The article, when considering information and communicative technologies, analyses the didactic possibilities and the advantage of internet-services – interactive, broadcasting and searching. In particular, it was defined that the use of videoconference allows to not only carry out communication with native speakers but also to organize the distant courses, participate in conferences (regional, international, etc.).