No 2 (2016)

The paper considers the issues of production safety control in the context of reforming of the technical regulation system in Russia. In machine building, safety control of machine building products is a critical task, which is caused by the requirements of technical regulations (provisions of standards or conditions of contracts. The authors carried out the analysis of literature on the development of systems of the products and services safety management, systems of the food products safety management with the HACCP elements, systems of traffic safety management (in the sphere of rail transport traffic safety at the Joint Stock Company “Russian Railways”), as well as the systems of information security management.

The paper considers the issues of machine building products safety control based on the development of systems of its safety management including the subsystems of organization quality management. The developed system allows, on one side, ensuring products and services safety, and on the other side, is the important evidential material when declaring the compliance of the products and services with the specified safety requirements. The authors analyzed the steps of development of the products safety management system, which are the following sequence of actions: scheduling, system designing, system implementation, system qualification process, determination and implementation of corrective actions according to the results of the system analysis by the top management.

The authors present the developed model of the machine building products safety management system, as well as identify the main processes of the system of machine building products safety management: safety control at the stage of designing, safety control at the stage of pre-production, safety control at the stage of production.

The improvement of chemical and petrochemical plants’ efficiency and the environmental management are impossible without the development of new technologies and materials. All this is directly concerned with the introduction of new catalysts. Each chemical reaction requires its own catalysts. Currently, solid metal catalysts with the multicomponent composition are determined as the prospective ones. They show mechanical strength and high thermal conductivity but, in some cases, they have low specific surface. That is why the development of the multicomponent material with high specific surface spread on metal micronet that could be used in future as the advanced catalyst is the critical task.   

As opposed to the methods of producing multicomponent materials and methods of creation of developed surface of metal oxide coatings presented in the paper survey, this paper covers the producing the developed surface coating on micronet consisting of nanosized cuprum and zinc particles. The author suggests the creation of two-component (cuprum-zinc) coating with the high specific surface by means of electrodeposition from the complex electrolyte. Two series of experiments were carried out during the study. At the first stage, the electrodeposition was carried out in the stationary layer of complex cuprum-zinc electrolyte; at the second stage of experiments, the electrodeposition was carried out in the same electrolyte at the same deposition parameters but with the electrolyte mixing at various stages of electrolysis.       

During each series of experiments, the author determined the technological modes of the coating producing, its composition and specific surface. It is shown that it is possible to change zinc concentration in the coating and its specific surface at various technological modes of deposition (with the electrolyte mixing and without it). The study allowed making the conclusion on the most optimal technological conditions of electrodeposition with the purpose of producing certain cuprum and zinc concentration in the coating. Preliminary tests showed that such cuprum-zinc coating can be used for wastewater aftertreatment from ethylene glycol.    

The paper covers the solution of the complex issue involving the necessity of development of technical solutions oriented to the search of economically advantageous ways of integration of energy efficiency technologies to the modern production and the solution of the issues of the energy efficiency technologies automation in the conditions of multiproduct manufacture of the engineering goods. On the analysis of the number of technical and economic factors hindering the development and implementation of the energy efficiency technologies, the authors determined that, for the conditions of modern production, the developments of complex technical solutions in the sphere of the energy efficiency technologies automation, the elaboration of new technical effects typical for the application of energy efficiency technologies in the current market conditions are important today. The authors suggest using the approach based on the introduction of automatically replaceable modules both to the existing manufacturing cycles and to the newly organized manufactures as one of the directions of complex issue solution. The design of the device for implementation of energy efficiency laser technologies within the operating area of the modern automated machining equipment is introduced. The authors present the description and the concept of suggested device and the variant of its technical performance. To solve the automation issues, the algorithm is developed that allows organizing the device functioning using the regular system of the equipment control while implementing the energy efficiency technologies for laser processing within the operating area of modern CNC machine. It is offered to use in the module design the elements of standard and universal tool set of modern machining equipment and the elements of the modern fiber optic laser. In respect to the suggested module design, the imposed technical constraints for its application depending on the variants of the machine-carrier linking and the recommendation on the organization of cycles of automated laser processing using the module are introduced. According to the results of the study, the authors formulated the expected effects of the suggested module design application in the complex approach to the solution of issues of the automation of energy efficiency technologies for laser processing, the main of which are the multiple reduction of production cost due to the reduction of cost for the equipment and high capacity of the parts processing due to the loss reduction of time for the preproduction.   

The authors studied the development of thermoelastic martensite transformation from FCC-γ of high-temperature phase to OCT-α¢ martensite after the aging at 973 K during 20 hours on the single-crystals of Fe – 28 % Ni – 17 % Co – 11.5 % Al – 2.5 % Nb (Nb) and Fe – 28 % Ni – 17 % Co – 11.5 % Al – 2.5 % Nb – 0.05 % B (NbB) (at. %) alloys oriented for the extension along [001]-direction.  It is shown that boron causes: the retardation of the aging processes: in NbB-crystals, the particles of γ¢-phase have the size of 12–14 nm and in Nb-crystals – 18–25 nm; the decrease of M_s onset temperature of the martensite transformation: M_s=108 K in NbB-crystals and M_s=116 K in Nb-crystals; the increase of the stress level at the temperature M_s: at M_s temperature, the stresses are equal to 70 MPa in NbB-crystals and 31 MPa in Nb-crystals. The level of stresses of high-temperature phase is determined by the size of γ¢-phase particles: in Nb-crystals with bigger size of γ¢-phase particles, the high-temperature stresses are higher than in NbB-crystals where γ¢-phase particles have the smaller size.  

When developing thermoelastic γ–α¢ martensite transformation under the load, in Nb- and NbB-crystals after the aging during twenty hours at 973 K, the form memory effect of 2.6 % and 2.2 % respectively was observed, and the superelasticity was not observed. It is shown that the physical reason for the superelasticity absence in Nb-crystals is caused by the brittle β-phase that results into the crystals destruction at the beginning of γ–α¢-MT under the load and in NbB-crystals – by the increase of mechanical hysteresis.     

The application of intensive modes of cutting while processing movable shafts by multiple-tool heads is contained by the actuation of regenerating autovibrations in the technological system. The authors considered the existing methods of their damping. The application of tool with variable circular tooth pitch is the most advanced method of regenerating autovibrations damping. However, the scientists’ opinions on the desired value of tooth pitch diversity vary. For the experimental determination of this value, the authors developed the structure of the adjustable multiple-tool head and carried out the study of the influence of tooth pitch diversity on the amplitude of movable shaft autovibrations during its turning with fixing it in centers. When adjusting head, the authors used the cycling of the enlarged and reduced tooth pitches. The noncontacting eddy current sensors were used to register the workpiece vertical and horizontal vibrations. Based on the analysis of autovibrations vibration records, their frequency spectra, workpiece motion trajectories and the processed surfaces pictures, the authors detected that the increase in neighbor tooth pitches diversity causes the sequential contraction, the enlargement and the repeated contraction of the autovibrations amplitude. Autovibrations damping takes place when the diversity of circular tooth pitches is within the range of values from 0.25 up to 1.3 of autovibrations wavelength on the cut surface. They were damped almost completely at the value of 0.75. The authors explained the results of received experimental data from the position of the regenerating autovibrations theory. Therefore, it is proved experimentally that the application of multiple-tool heads with the adjustment of circular tooth pitch diversity allows providing the dynamical stability of movable shafts turning process.  

Term system of the area of security is an interesting object for linguistic study as it is characterized by the existence of a number of subject areas and the definite special features of formation of its component terminological units. The paper considers the main models of term formation in the area of international security on the material of Germanic and Romance languages – English and French. The author studies in details morphological, morphology-syntactic and syntactic methods of term formation with the distinguishing of particular word-forming models and presenting statistical data on them. In the result of analysis of international security terms of modern English and French languages, the author makes the conclusion that the full range of term formation models are used in the term system under consideration, and the majority of them are traditionally used in English and French special vocabulary. Affixation (prefixation, suffixation, suffixal methods), word compounding and abbreviation are the most frequent term formation models in both languages. It is proved that except the traditional morphological method of terminology units formation, abbreviation represented by the significant number of terms in both analyzed languages is the most frequently implemented model of terms derivation. The author notes the fact that while being borrowed to the French language, some English language abbreviated terms keep their form in which they existed originally in the English language. In this case, the full-structure term is not abbreviated but is formed according to the French language rules. It is said, that the morphological, morphology-syntactic and syntactic methods of terminology units formation analyzed in the paper are inseparably linked to each other.    

The paper covers the analysis of the communicative features of G. Gazdanov’s prose from the perspective of representation of the author’s linguistic persona. Based on the analysis of G. Gazdanov’s texts, the paper studies different levels of communication that occur between the author and the reader, as well as between the characters acting as the interpretation of oral activity of the society representatives by the author’s consciousness. The problems of studying the linguistic phenomena of the Russian émigré community as the isolated enclave’s language are of absolute interest in modern linguistics. The authors consider the dualistic nature of the central character of G. Gazdanov’s works and his linguistic realization and analyze the author’s tools consolidating the linguistic picture of the world and the man in the works of G. Gazdanov. The paper presents the methods of the author’s impact on the reader through the application of various psychological and linguistic means. The author's language is analyzed as the specific linguistic structure, the genesis of which is considered in the context of the unity of mental and emotional development of the author, the character and the reader interacting with the text. The study of deep nature of the human consciousness, his motives and the principles of the individuals’ interaction within the society are considered the main communicative purpose of the author’s text. The authors consider the linguistic features of G. Gazdanov’s texts, their distinctive features distinguishing the author’s language between the number of other linguistic phenomena. The authors pay special attention to the typological characteristic of the level communicative interaction of the author, the characters, and the readers, highlight the specific features of each level and give its typological description. The authors’ analysis is supported by the examples from the texts of G. Gazdanov’s works illustrating the line of reasoning, as well as by the involvement of wide research base. The analysis allows making some conclusions concerning the special aspects of development not only of the language of a particular author but the language of Russian literature in the second third of the twentieth century in the whole.

The paper determines the main characteristics of the notion of “linguocultural type” from the point of view of linguopersonology and considers its relationship with the adjacent units used within the frames of other lines of linguistic research comparing with the notion of “sociolect”, which is the major unit of social dialectology. To achieve the set task, the author specifies the subject field of the linguocultural type of “British voter” as the communicative-relevant concept of British linguoculture. The author considers the main characteristics of modern linguistic view of Great Britain, studies the changes occurred within the frames of language norm of Received Pronunciation, and defines the major types of social and areal language variants and their characteristics. The paper analyzes key modern research approaches to the Estuary English social-areal dialect suggested by foreign and native linguists-dialectologists as well as the attempts of the scientific description of this phenomenon comparing it with the normative phonetic variant of Received Pronunciation. The author studies the main reasons of “democratization” of pronunciation norm of British variant of English language. Using the analysis of characteristic linguistic properties of communicative behavior of British Tory parliamentarians (on the example both of the party management and the grassroots of the House of Representatives) in various communicative situations, the author makes an attempt to assess the significance of social-areal pronunciation variants in political communication of the ruling party with the voters. The author carries out the analysis of possible linguistic and extra-linguistic factors causing the phonetic special characteristics of the communicative behavior of Tory as well as evaluates the efficiency of the audience pronunciation norm imitation as the communicative strategy. Based on the results, the author reconstructs the speech characteristics of the modeled collective linguistic persona in order to define the social background of a typified voter.

The paper reveals semantic essentials of the English experiential verbs on the example of the verb relish. Involvement of semantic interpretation method into the study has allowed revealing the specifics of the integral and differential features of the English experiential verbs which define denotative scope of their use. The use of semantic tests, as well as the immediate participation of the informants – English native speakers in the study, made it possible to express more accurately and clearly the features of semantic nature of the English experiential verbs and determine the conditions of their functioning in the language. In the course of the pilot study, specifically for the particular stratum of vocabulary, a conceptual language was developed, which allowed presenting the semantic structure of the abovementioned verbs as a semantic model. Briefly, this model could be described as follows. The semantic role of the left actant at the verb relish was defined as “experiencer”. The following attributes are specific for this role: “– initiative aimed at crossing obstacles which prevent a person from entering the desired state”, “+ application of affective power”, “– control over application of power on the initial stage”, “– control over application of power on the final stage”. In addition, it is possible to identify for this role such peculiarities of a person as “intellectual activity” and “time and iterative factors”. Right-hand actant at the verb relish was described as a “qualitative causer”. The semantics of this role depends on the external factor, the causative substance of the emotion described by the verb relish. To identify the semantic type of predicate typical for the English experiential verbs, particularly the verb relish, the author has distinguished a special type of predicate – “experiential type of the predicate”.

The paper studies the main principles of implementation of the participatory approach in the modern sociology of childhood based on the works of foreign and Russian sociologists of childhood. The author proves the importance of the modern understanding of childhood as a social construct, structural and cultural component of various societies; secondly, consideration of children as active social agents of the societies in which they live; thirdly, studying of children's social relationships and culture through children themselves and for them. It is noted that the principles of the participatory approach best fit for these provisions and make the competency of childhood important. The paper introduces methods of the participatory sociology of childhood. It states that accepting children as the “experts” of their lives leads to the understanding of the necessity to study their opinion on the choice of methods of their research. The author presents the point of view according to which children can act not just as participants of sociological research, but also as co-authors, co-researchers.

The work leads to the conclusion that the participatory methods are neither better nor worse than any other method or technique. Their choice is determined by specific aims and objectives of the research. The examples of the Russian sociological studies of childhood, which use the diversity of “traditional” and “modern” methods, are presented. In conclusion, it is noted that foreign and Russian scientists are moving in the same direction – towards finding the best ways to implement the interests of children in the practice of sociological studying of childhood.