THE MAIN TRENDS AND FACTORS AFFECTING UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE LABOR MARKET OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The work analyzes social nature of unemployment of the population as the most important characteristics of the labour market, researches the trends of unemployment growth, changes in its structure and constitution, its social consequences. The author reveals peculiarities of unemployment in terms of overall social processes taking place in the Russian society and examines the main trends in government policy of the population employment and its implementation in the Russian Federation, as well as practical measures aimed to reduce unemployment in the Russian Federation. Unemployment leads to underutilization of such an important resource as human capital, intensification of social differentiation, significant reduction of domestic product potential and national income. Analysis of the state of unemployment in Russia in 2005–2013 showed a steady trend towards its reduction. The author assumes that a negative tendency in the labour market implies reduction of proportion of the unemployed registered in public employment bureaus. This fact can be explained by the citizens’ cynicism about registration with a labor registry office, distrust in ability of the public employment service to find them a job. Analysis of the dynamics in the level of youth unemployment for the period from 2005 to 2013 leads to the conclusion that the unemployment rate has increased in the social group of young people under 29 years old. Then, as a positive trend, the author points out reduction in the average duration of unemployment period among young people aged 15 to 29 years old compared with older age groups. According to the strategic guidelines of the Conception of social and economic development of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to provide more opportunities for employment of the young people, use flexible forms of employment, as well as create favorable conditions for entrepreneurial initiative of the unemployed.