No 1 (2016)

Modern methods of final polishing of complex-surface goods are labor-consuming and unsustainable. Nowadays, the method of electrolytic-plasma polishing is developed intensively. This method is the high-efficiency process of conductive goods treatment in the environmentally safe aqueous solutions of inorganic salts of weak concentration. Commercial application of electrolytic-plasma polishing method is impeded in engineering due to its poor exploration. The authors studied the influence of multistep polishing and electrolyte composition on the process technological parameters and surface roughness of plate specimens of 08H18N10T austenitic stainless steel processed using laboratory machine. The authors carried out the comparing study of surface roughness of specimens processed according to the suggested modes and the specimens processed according to the known modes of polishing in the widely used aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate-based (4 % (NH4)2SO4) and sodium carbonate-based (12 % Na2CO) electrolytes. The study showed that the introduction of 0,05–0,45 % chlorine hydride to the electrolyte containing 4–5 % of ammonium sulfate reduces twofold the temperature of working electrolyte. It is established that the multistep polishing allows decreasing the stainless steel surface roughness by 20–25 % in comparison with traditional polishing methods. Basing on the results obtained, the authors suggested technological modes of final treatment of austenitic stainless steels with the use of electrolytic-plasma polishing method, developed and produced the machine for electrolytic-plasma polishing of goods (MEPPG-1). This machine is universal and allows carrying out the final polishing of various conductive materials up to 250 cm2 in area used in manufacturing industry (copper, aluminum, steel, titanium and others) by means of the electrolyte composition and processing modes changes.

The paper covers the study of the issue of the structure forming in the process of annealing affected by the strong magnetic field in the iron-base alloys. Such surveys became rather significant in recent years, as the specifying of mechanisms of strong magnetic fields interaction with the processes taking place in solid bodies is very topical from both the fundamental and the practical points of view. Despite the activity of the researchers and the availability of a number of works, this issue remains open to the present time, and the information and the explanation given in scientific literature contradict one another very often. The paper gives experimental data obtained in the result of specimens annealing under the conditions of the strong constant magnetic field of 6, 10 and 20 T. During the annealing, the processes of recovery of cold-rolled deformed Fe-3 % Si and Fe-50 % Ni alloys. The authors studied the structure, the magnetic properties, and the microhardness and determined that the magnetic field delays the recovery processes in the crystalline deformed alloys and causes the formation of nucleuses with the easy direction of magnetization. It is associated first with the magnetic field influence on the motion of dislocations. Moreover, the authors carried out the crystallization of Fe₈₁Si₇B₁₂ amorphous alloy produced by quenching on the drum. In amorphous alloys, the crystallization in the conditions of strong magnetic field causes the increase in the produced grain size in comparison with the crystallization without the field. The authors have not determined any magnetic field influence on the alloys texture crystallized from amorphous state.   

Taking into account high requirements to the operation conditions of precision machines, the study of strength deformations of carrying systems is a rather critical task. The paper presents the methodology of analysis of strength deformations of the machines carrying systems when moving the substantial movable bodies of manufacturing systems during contact interactions of surfaces using the finite element method. The authors selected 2A459SF4 precision horizontal multi-axis boring machine (HMBM) as an object of study. The authors developed a 3-D model of a machine taking into account the joint of fixedly connected parts with movable machine parts. The study was carried out using the ANSYS Workbench 14.5 software complex. The paper presents the accessible assumptions that were taken into account when calculating strength deformations during contact interactions. The authors give the detailed description of configurable settings of contact interactions within the design model in the ANSYS Workbench 14.5 software complex. The authors carried out the static calculation of strength deformations of carrying system of precision HMBM during contact interactions with the further calculation data entry into the tables. During calculation, the discrete movement of the machine column occurred. The calculation was carried out at three positions of the machine column: the most remote from the processed workpiece, central position and during the workpiece processing. It was done to consider the influence of column position on total strength deformations of the machine frame and the strength deformations in the joints during contact interactions. The paper presents the comparative analysis of control points movement during theoretical and experimental studies. The authors proved the adequacy of this methodology of analysis of the machine carrying systems strength deformations during contact interaction of surfaces.   

The application of ultrasonic vibrations (USV) power is one of the means for heat depression of the grinding process. However, the existing studies do not reveal the mechanism of USV influence on the local temperatures. To identify the significance of technological factors influencing the temperature of ultrasonic assisted grinding process, it is necessary to develop physical and mathematical models for heat-transfer factor calculation, the methodology, the algorithm and the software for the local temperatures calculation, and to carry out the numerical simulation of temperatures. The author specified the factors having prevalent influence on the local temperatures during ultrasonic assisted grinding and gave the dependencies for calculation of the lubricating-cooling fluid motion speed in the area of contact of a grinding wheel with a workpiece, lubricating-cooling fluid consumption through the area of contact and the heat-transfer factor of work piece, abrasive grains and wheel bond to the lubricating-cooling fluid. The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the local temperatures in the area of contact of a grain with a workpiece and a chip during micro-cutting by the first of the subsequently working grains. When applying USV, the temperatures reduce mostly in the result of the change of the strain-stress state in the treatment area due to the strength characteristics degradation including the tensile strength of a workpiece material and the change of kinematics of the workpiece material micro-cutting by the single abrasive grains of a grinding wheel. The increase of consumption of lubricating-cooling fluid through the treatment area and the intensification of its cooling action influence the local temperatures insignificantly. The author identified the influence of the USV parameters (amplitude and phase) on the local temperatures change depending on the duration of contact of a grain with a workpiece. As a result, the degree of technology factors influence on the local temperatures during the ultrasonic assisted grinding was established analytically for the first time. The author determined that the USV application allows reducing local temperatures by a mean of 12 … 24 %.

The paper covers the modern practices of application of the audience measurements results within large Russian TV channels. The audience measurements are the important source of parameters for mass media performance evaluation. They got traction in all segments of mass information, among which television is the most popular, effective from the point of view of impact and affecting the wide range of target groups.

The goal of the research presented by the author in this paper is the study of one of the elements of television company performance – media measurement based on the practices of the audience research in the leading Russian TV companies. To implement the target goal, the author carries out the in-depth interviews with the heads of the audience research departments within Russian TV channels. The in-depth interviews touched upon such subjects as the structure of the audience inner analysis department, types of research carried out or ordered by a television company, the department staff duties, the influence of obtained data on a TV channel viewing grid, and the special aspects of obtaining media-measurements in the regions.

The author analyzes and summarizes the obtained data, considers the main directions of the research results application in the TV channels activity, which are the important integral part when studying the whole media-measuring field. The author is the first who attempts to study the audience analysis practices within media companies basing on the experience of the audience measuring departments within Russian television channels.

Based on the results of the research, the author determined such problems as the insufficient knowledge of audience in the regions, the limitation of research activity of many channels only by the “TNS Russia” data secondary analysis. The author specifies the differences in the research activity and the application of media measurement data within commercial and state television channels.  

Information confrontation in modern conditions is viewed together with the military struggle, political and diplomatic confrontation, economic competition, as well as international scientific and technological competition. According to propositions of the European and American political establishment, the menace of conventional war has changed and nowadays information can be used as a weapon – misinformation and deception in particular. Based on this proposition, NATO is committed to strengthening the potential of strategic communications, which, in their turn, promote conflicts resolution, peacekeeping and reduction in violence. However, the USA strives for global dominance.

The paper regards global dominance of the USA as its presence as the NATO on the territory of the EU. It also understands the US information superiority as the functioning of the NATO Center for Strategic Communications in Riga. Thus, the paper studies the NATO information superiority, and information component of the hybrid wars involving Latvia.

Special attention is paid to the concept “information superiority”, and modern condition of information superiority has been studied in detail. The research mainly focuses on such objects of information confrontation as public opinion, information and telecommunication systems, as well as the use of mass interactive communications in the information confrontation. The author describes the role of the NATO Strategic Communications Center in Riga in achieving information superiority of the NATO within the European Union (EU).

The paper considers the variety of ongoing programs studying techniques of public consciousness as one of the objects of a hybrid war, as well as the programs aimed at dissemination of information flows beyond their own borders and protection of the information area against misinformation.

Recently, the number of terminological research has increased significantly; it refers to research of both natural sciences and humanities terminology. The latter should include the English criminal law terminology considered in this work. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon can be identified as the need of any country in training highly-qualified employees who, along with deep knowledge of their profession, would be able to work in the global environment and therefore be proficient in the foreign languages, which also means knowledge of professional terminology in these languages. However, despite the fact that a growing number of studies has been recently done on various issues of terminology, including the systemic nature of terms in various sciences, the English terminology of criminal law has not been sufficiently studied, which creates a considerable scope for the research. This paper considers the thesis on the systemic nature of these terms through studying the following phenomena: interdetermination of terms, realization of genus-species relations, synonymic and antonymic relations. As the result of the analysis it was discovered that well-developed genus-species relations of criminal law terms, as well as the developed synonymy in this terminology and clearly defined relations of the opposites confirm the thesis of the systemic structure of the of terminology. It is also noted that a synonymic chain may have a certain length, and the antonymic relations are expressed in lexis and morphology. More over, the work analyzes one more specific feature of this terminological system – multiple meaning of a term which is considered by some researches to be the negative linguistic phenomenon. The author reviews the researches on this issue and draws the main conclusions on the number of multiple meaning and monosemantic terms.

The paper considers special characteristics of demographic situation in Russia, the reasons for birth rate falling and rise in mortality, gives some social and demographic characteristics, which influence greatly the lifetime and living standards of Russians, and analyzes the factors contributing to decreasing in labor forces. The author notes that the modern stage of birth rate growth in Russia is characterized by the impact of a number of both negative and positive factors. The loss of reverence for the institution of the family, economic factors, and the reduction of the quantity of fertile age men are considered as the factors of negative dynamics of demographic indices. The analysis of publications on the family problems carried out by the author allows making the conclusion on the devaluation and transformation of the institution of the family that is embodied in the reduction of marriages rate and the trend to the rise in the number of incomplete families and non-registered marriages (extramarital relationships). At the same time, it is uncharacteristic of modern young people to refuse to bear children. Moreover, the complex long-term system of economic measures of the modern demographic policy adopted by the RF government helped to defuse demographic problem and caused the birth rate growth. For 2010-2015, the population of the Russian Federation increased about 3.3 million of men. It should be stated, that the increase of population size took place not only due to the natural increase and net migration but also due to the formation of two new territorial entities of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol city. Further, the author attempted to study and esteem such important negative social phenomenon as the mortality from the external causes at the active working age, its influence on the labor market conjuncture. In this paper, the author pays special attention to the issue of ageing of the population. In particular, the author notes the necessity of social policy formation according to which it will be possible to use senior citizens’ potential in special activities.   

The paper gives characteristics of specific images, nature motives and landscape complexes in the works of A. Shiryaevets within the general cultural aspect of Russian literature, folklore Slavic tradition, as well as more ancient cultural layers related to archetypes and mythological consciousness. In particular, the author considered such floral motifs and images as the tree (forest) above the grave symbolizing eternity, the birch as a symbol of retained connection with homeland and childhood, the apple blossom symbolizing smoke, love to Russia, to native nature, and green leaves as the elements of ideal summer landscape. The paper considers the interaction of these images and motives with the world tree archetype, with the national symbolism of the oak, apple-tree, lilac, birch, and forest, with the ceremonies, rituals, and legends.

The paper connects floral images and motives with basic themes and topics of works of A. Shiryaevets: this life impermanence, the separation from the homeland, memories about childhood, love experience. The author identified key sense oppositions including the following poetic images: homeland and outland, faraway and close, childhood and manhood, past and present. As the result of this analysis, common and specific features of the nationwide image of Russia, native Volga land created in the works of the poet are identified.

The paper reveals the poet’s individual style features in the description of floral images and motives and identifies that the vocalizations of folk poetic manner play the leading role.