MONITORING OF NATURAL PHENOMENA AS A BASIS OF SAFETY IN RIVER BASINS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

This article discusses the causes of catastrophic floods in river basins, reveals the essential imperfections in monitoring system, professional training of managerial staff which makes the decisions using data on the natural phenomena forecasts, and elaboration of measures on prevention, localization and relief of emergencies. It is found that maximum values of precipitation falling in Amur river channel are not recorded in the safety certificates of federal subjects, due to this, dangerous scenarios of emergency development, alignment of forces and means to counteract floods (high water), and their material support have not been predicted. The authors suggest decisions on introduction of advanced methods of monitoring of environment and rivers quality using mobile and (or) stationary lidar atmospheric sounding systems with a software allowing to receive promptly the forecast of situation and implementation of necessary measures for mitigation of catastrophic floods (high water), with the forecast superimposition on the 3D base map. We proved the expediency of restructuring of the Russian Federation system of emergencies prevention by authorizing Deputy Prime Minister – Chairman of the Committee for Emergency Response and Ensuring Fire Safety to control crisis management centers and regulatory monitoring authorities (Rostechnadzor – Federal Service Environmental, Technological, and Nuclear Supervision, Rosprirodnadzor – Federal Supervisory Natural Resources Management Service, Rospotrebnadzor – Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, and so on). At the same time it is necessary to retain them under control of corresponding institutions in the Government of the Russian Federation only regarding the common development strategy and applicable regulatory support. The authors give the guidelines for population and area safety; for this purpose they offer to create integrated intelligent safety system on the base of continuous monitoring using automatic water level gauge and lidar atmospheric sounding complexes for early assessment of meteorological information on adequate measures of protection against flood emergencies.