Comparative analysis of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of duralumin welded joint produced by friction stir welding
- Authors: Shchapov G.V.1, Kazantseva N.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS
- Issue: No 2 (2024)
- Pages: 113-119
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/944
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2024-2-68-10
- ID: 944
Cite item
Abstract
Friction stir welding is an advanced method of joining various metals and alloys in the aircraft and mechanical engineering industries. This type of welding is used to join materials that are difficult to weld or not weldable by conventional methods. The high-strength D16 aluminum alloy is difficult to weld by fusion, which is associated with the formation of a dendritic structure in the fusion zone leading to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the joint. In the work, the microstructure and microhardness of a welded seam of the D16 aluminum alloy produced by friction stir welding was studied. Using scanning electron microscopy and optical metallography, the authors identified the presence of three zones: the weld core, the thermomechanical impact zone, and the heat effected zone. In the central part of the welded joint (in the core), a laminated onion ring structure was discovered. A change in the chemical composition of the aluminum solid solution was identified in different areas of the weld zones, as well as the presence of a concentration gradient within each zone. In the upper part of the welded seam, the solid solution is silicon-enriched and depleted in copper. Due to the solid solution depletion in alloying elements, the aluminum content in the solid solution in the zone of the welded joint is higher compared to the initial state. The microhardness values in different areas of the welded joint correlate with changes in the chemical composition. In the welded joint zone, a significant decrease in microhardness was found compared to the initial state, and a change in microhardness associated with the chemical composition gradient within each zone was also observed.
About the authors
Gennady V. Shchapov
M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Email: hg-1994@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-2106-6381
postgraduate student, junior researcher
Russian Federation, 620108, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Sofya Kovalevskaya Street, 18Nataliya V. Kazantseva
M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Author for correspondence.
Email: kazantseva@imp.uran.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4143-1064
Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, chief researcher
Russian Federation, 620108, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Sofya Kovalevskaya Street, 18References
- Thomas W.M., Nicholas E.D., Needham J.C., Murch M.G., Templesmith P., Smith C.J. Friction stir butt welding: patent USA no. 5460317, 1995, 10 p.
- Drits A.M., Ovchinnikov V.V., Vasilev P.A. Studies of structure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mg alloy joints made by friction stir welding. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2019, no. 4, pp. 17–25. EDN: NVFMZO.
- Radhika Ch., Shyam Kumar N. Process Parameters Optimization of Aa2024 Alloy Friction Stir Welding using Taguchi’s Technique. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1940–1945. doi: 10.35940/ijitee.K2138.0981119.
- Ridha M.H., Alkhazraji S.K., Abdull I.T. Investigation of Friction Stir Welding of AA2024-T4 Thin Sheets for Industrial Applications. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 881, article number 012074. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012074.
- Luo Jian, Wang Jiafa, Lin Hongxin, Yuan Lei, Gao Jianjun, Geng Haibin. Study on the Relationship between Root Metal Flow Behavior and Root Flaw Formation of a 2024 Aluminum Alloy Joint in Friction Stir Welding by a Multiphysics Field Model. Metals, 2020, vol. 10, no. 7, article number 913. doi: 10.3390/met10070913.
- Kubit A., Kluz R., Ochaek K., Wydrzyñski D., Trzepieciñski T. Friction stir welding of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy sheet with sheet pre-heating. Materials and technology, 2018, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 283–288. doi: 10.17222/mit.2017.084.
- Genri A., Loginova I.S., Kravchenko K.V., Daubarayte D.K., Ryabov D.K. An effect of yttrium on hot cracking resistance, microstructure and properties of D16 alloy produced by laser melting. Tekhnologiya legkikh splavov, 2019, no. 4, pp. 26–34. EDN: NZTBBX.
- Cavaliere P., Nobile R., Pannela F.W., Squillace A. Mechanical and microstructural behaviour of 2024–7075 aluminium alloy sheets joined by friction stir welding. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2006, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 588–594. doi: 10.1016/J.IJMACHTOOLS.2005.07.010.
- Cavaliere P., Cerri E., Squillace A. Mechanical response of 2024–7075 aluminium alloys joined by friction stir welding. Journal of Material Science, 2005, vol. 40, pp. 3669–3676. doi: 10.1007/s10853-005-0474-5.
- Zadpoor A.A., Sinke J., Benedictus R., Pieters R. Mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welded tailor-made blanks. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008, vol. 494, no. 1-2, pp. 281–290. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.042.
- Vorobev R.A., Sorokina S.A., Evstifeeva V.V. Phase composition of deformable D16 and B95 aluminium alloys with the quantitative assessment of overburning of different stages of development. Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy / Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya metallurgiya, 2020, no. 1, pp. 68–78. doi: 10.17073/0021-3438-2020-1-68-78.
- Krishnan K.N. On the formation of onion rings in friction stir welds. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2002, vol. 327, no. 2, pp. 246–251. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01474-5.
- Morozova I., Królicka A., Obrosov A., Yang Y., Doynov N., Weiß S., Michailov V. Precipitation phenomena in impulse friction stir welded 2024 aluminium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2022, vol. 852, article number 143617. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2022.143617.
- Zhang Fan, Levine L.E., Allen A.J., Campbell C.E., Creuziger A.A., Kazantseva N., Ilavsky J. In situ structural characterization of ageing kinetics in aluminum alloy 2024 across angstrom-to-micrometer length scales. Acta Materialia, 2016, vol. 111, pp. 385–398. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.058.
- Mrówka-Nowotnik G., Sieniawsk J. Analysis of intermetallic phases in 2024 aluminium alloy. Solid State Phenomena, 2013, vol. 197, pp. 238–243. doi: 10.4028/ href='www.scientific.net/SSP.197.238' target='_blank'>www.scientific.net/SSP.197.238.
- Czerwinski F. Thermal Stability of Aluminum Alloys. Materials, 2020, vol. 13, no. 15, article number 3441. doi: 10.3390/ma13153441.
- Tang W., Guo X., Mcclure J., Murr L., Nunes A.C. Heat input and temperature distribution in friction stir welding. Journal of Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science, 1998, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 163–172.
- Chen C.M., Kovacevic R. Finite element modeling of friction stir welding-thermal and thermomechanical analysis. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2003, vol. 43, no. 13, pp. 1319–1326. doi: 10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00158-5.
- Mishra R.S., Ma Z.Y. Friction stir welding and processing. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2005, vol. 50, no. 1-2, pp. 1–78. doi: 10.1016/j.mser.2005.07.001.
- Dawes C.J. An introduction to friction stir welding and its development. Welding and Metal fabrication, 1995, pp. 14–16.
- Dawes C.J., Thomas W.M. Friction stir joining of aluminium alloys. TWI Bulletin, 1995, vol. 6, pp. 124–127.
Supplementary files
![](/img/style/loading.gif)