SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE OF TYPICAL REGIONS OF CENTRAL RUSSIA: CURRENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT

The article points out the necessity of the systemic innovative development of the Russian economy and activization of the innovative activity of the economic entities that involves complex institutional and structural transformations of their innovational environment. This facilitates further transformation of the workplaces into highly technological production units as well as growth of competitiveness in the world market. The authors underline the specific feature of the small entrepreneurship as an objective initiator of the product and process innovations, an effective organizer of the development processes, implementation and commercialization of innovations. The article analyzes the reasons that constrain development of domestic innovative small entrepreneurship. The major reason is not only low motivation for innovations but the absence of conditions for successful development of the innovative activity of small economic entities in spite of the modern global changes. The authors emphasize the importance of the activity that can support and develop the innovations of small businesses, creation of an effective national innovative system, outrunning development of the regional innovative infrastructure that should be based on the small innovative enterprises. The authors state that these tasks are especially important for the old-cultivated regions of Central Russia which should become the leaders of the development and activization of the innovative activity, and take Russia to the advanced positions. The empiric studies are conducted and the dynamics of growth of small innovative companies in the typical regions of Central Russia is described; different directions of development are identified due to peculiarities of the regional specifics and strategic aims. The authors investigate the dynamics of the rates of growth of small innovative companies in the regions, determine the range of changing in number of the small innovative businesses, identify a negative trend of decreasing the number of small innovative companies as a consequence of the absence of the institutional conditions for the development of small enterprises in general and, in particular, small innovative businesses, analyze the motives for activization of innovative activity. However, there is a cyclic recurrence in the gain of the small innovative companies which is caused not only by the cyclicity of the global economy development but by the ongoing modernizing processes.