The formation of PEO coatings on the superelastic Ti–18Zr–15Nb alloy in calcium-containing electrolytes

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Abstract

The paper discusses the influence of the electrolyte composition on the characteristics of a biocompatible coating produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on titanium superelastic shape memory alloy Ti–18Zr–15Nb. The scientific novelty of the work is in the identification of the most effective electrolyte composition to form a PEO coating with improved functional properties for advanced metal implants. Having important scientific and social significance, the scientific results of the work will serve as the basis for the development of modern technologies for the production of new-generation implants for orthopedy and neurosurgery. To identify the most effective electrolyte composition, the authors studied the morphology and microstructure of the coatings, phase and elemental composition, adhesive properties, and surface wear resistance, and also they carried out electrochemical corrosion tests. The resulting coatings have a thickness in the range of ~15.5–17 µm, and porosity of ~12–18 %. The additive of sodium silicate significantly smooths the surface and increases the wear resistance, but, at the same time, it reduces the adhesive properties of the coatings. The coatings contain biocompatible calcium phosphate compounds, which presence is confirmed by an amorphous halo between ~25° and ~40° in the results of X-ray phase analysis and by the identified elements Ca and P in the elemental analysis. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results identified the difference in the structure of the PEO coatings and the corrosion processes occurring in them. Coatings formed in the phosphate electrolytes have two layers: the external porous and internal compact, and in the phosphate-silicate electrolytes – a single layer. The study identified that the plasma-electrolytic oxidation reduces the corrosion currents by 1–3 orders compared to a specimen without the PEO treatment. The coating formed in a phosphate electrolyte with the addition of boric acid and calcium acetate has the best corrosion characteristics and the highest roughness, which could positively affects the biocompatibility. This electrolyte can be recommended for further research as the most effective one.

About the authors

Ruzil G. Farrakhov

Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa

Author for correspondence.
Email: farrahov.rg@ugatu.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6670-1537

PhD (Engineering), Associate Professor, assistant professor of Chair of Electronic Engineering

Россия

Veta R. Aubakirova

Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa

Email: veta_mr@mail.ru

PhD (Engineering), senior lecturer of Chair of Electronic Engineering

Россия

Mikhail V. Gorbatkov

Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa

Email: mikesg@mail.ru

PhD (Engineering), senior researcher of Chair of Electronic Engineering

Россия

Yury A. Lebedev

Institute of Physics of Molecules and Crystals of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa

Email: lebedev@anrb.ru

PhD (Physics and Mathematics), senior researcher of the Laboratory of Solid State Physics

Россия

Evgeny V. Parfenov

Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa

Email: parfenov.ev@ugatu.su
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0113-314X

Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor, professor of Chair of Electronic Engineering

Россия

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