FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODAL PARTICLES ON THE EXAMPLE OF FIVE LANGUAGES

The paper studies conceptual approaches to determination of the semantic nature of modal particles, as well as pragmatic actualization of particles in German, Russian, English, French and Udmurt. The goal of this work is to define functional characteristics and systematize communicative and pragmatic meanings of modal particles. The author notes that the modal particles should be examined in close connection with the speech act when a sentence that contains the particle is actualized. It is shown that modal particles are interconnected and depend on the conceptual and cognitive structure of the utterance. The paper specifies the communicative significance of modal particles which they perform in the construction of an utterance, what defines their important role in the process of language acquisition. To study and analyze the utterances with such particles, the author has used a complex of research methods aimed at identification of their communicative and pragmatic features in Russian, German, English, French, and Udmurt. Analysis of pragmatic functions of modal particles indicates that these lexical units form a subsystem of emphatic elements in the language and, therefore, are included in the system of pragmatic means of the language. The research confirms the importance and prospects for further development of this area, as currently a lot of issues associated with the use of modal particles in a variety of cognitive and pragmatic types of utterances in different languages aimed at solving communication problems remain unsolved.