THE CONCEPT OF A NORM AND ITS VARIABILITY IN THE LITERARY LANGUAGE (ON THE BASE OF AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE)

The paper studies the issue of the concept of a norm in the literary Azerbaijani language. The definition of language norm is given, and its leading role in speech culture is deduced. The author identifies the specifics of literary language and pays attention to the language ability to change in the process of evolution of the society and a human. The influence of dialects and borrowings on the formation of linguistic norms is indicated. Three types of norms of literary language are considered in detail: phonetic, lexical, and grammatical. Within the phonetic norm, the norms of pronunciation and spelling norms are considered, the causes of variability arising within the speech process are indicated. The author analyzes the examples of lexical norm violations and their consequences for the language and considers the significant aspects of the grammatical norm, in which the morphological and syntactic norms are distinguished as well. The aspect is taken into account that the syntactic norms regulate the formation of word-combinations and sentences, and that, within the word-combinations format, this norm is divided into three parts: concord, adjunction, and government. The author studies the issue of proper arrangement of words in a sentence, gives various examples where the words take intentionally the incorrect place in its structure in order to perform a certain function. The role of classification of norms of literary language for understanding the processes of change taking place in it is determined. From the above materials, the author concludes that due to the norm, the language becomes clear and the most effective tool for communication since the norm, keeping the speech traditions, meets the actual needs of public speech.