STYLISTIC ADEQUACY OF METAPHORICAL ITEMS’ TRANSLATION IN A.I. SOLZHENITSYN’S NOVEL “THE GULAG ARCHIPELAGO” AND ITS TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH (TH. P. WHITNEY, 1974) AND GERMAN (A. PETURNIG, 1974)

The paper considers the specifics of adequate translation of the metaphors used in the work “The Gulag Archipelago” by A.I. Solzhenitsyn. In the given case, an object of the analysis is the work of literature “The Gulag Archipelago” by A.I. Solzhenitsyn as well as its English and German translation made by Thomas P. Whitney (1974) and Anna Peturnig (1974) consequently. The subject of the research is the metaphors used by the author to produce the image of the Soviet reality of that time in comparison to its translations both into English and German languages. The paper analyzes the relevance of the applied techniques of metaphors’ translation on the subject of retaining expressive and emotional connotations.

The paper emphasizes the significance of accurate interpretation of the implicit meaning of a metaphor to achieve the adequate translation to the most extent. The authors pay attention as well to adequate translation of implicit metaphor meaning due to the opportunity of using some different much more expressive metaphorical models enabling to make dialogue with the targeted readers much more open and efficient. The analysis of the adequacy of the translations of the selected metaphors allows identifying the common and distinctive characteristics of the world images of the addresser and the addressee who are the representatives of the American and German linguocultures. These are the distinctive characteristics that cause hardly surmountable obstacles for a translator while translating metaphorical items. The analysis of practical data showed that in most cases a loan translation of metaphors results in the emotional and expressive losses which affect their objective comprehension as the connotations are the key factor helping to complete the image of the depicted item or phenomenon in the recipient’s mind.