SOCIO-URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF THE POPULATION EMPLOYMENT IN THE LARGE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITIES

The article examines the employment transformation dynamics in the major and large post-industrial European cities, as well as a reflection of these changes in town planning and various economic sectors. The article focuses on the automotive capitals of Germany, based on the experience that predicts functional and urban perspectives of Togliatti. The article raises the topical issue of major cities undergoing post-industrial transformation. For the Russian and European cities the typical trend is to reduce the share of employment in manufacturing industry and the emergence of innovative infrastructure which has become a distinctive feature of the changing industrial cities and is becoming a major employer. In the beginning of the article, the author shows general trends of changes in the economic sectors specific for all European cities. The comparative dynamics compares the capital of the largest country in Europe and a major industrial center. Finally, it examines the territorial organization of science in Germany with a focus on the cities between Stuttgart and Munich. It also identifies such characteristics of the region as the existence of a polycentric "megacity" of Munich, emergence of the science city in Ulm, and several examples of industrial parks and special technical innovation zones. The author’s scheme "industrial parks and universities in the structure of cities in Germany" is the most valuable generalization. On the example of this scheme logic of industrial parks placement in the structure of German cities is clearly visible. The conclusions of this part of the study are relevant for Samara region where an agglomeration is formed. There is also an issue for consolidation and centralization of the universities to solve the problems of diversification of the economies of single-industry towns. For the largest single-industry town of Togliatti, the example of the cities such as Stuttgart, Ingolstadt, Rosenheim and Ulm is extremely important, as the development of innovative economy takes place in Togliatti due to creation of the Special Economic Zone and the industrial park.