THE CONCEPT AND TYPES OF TROUBLED LOANS AND SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THEIR VALUATION BASE

The relevance of the issue chosen for the study is coming from the processes of today taking place in banking sector, and especially the growth of troubled loans in general structure of assets of the Russian commercial banks. As a result, banks face the pressing need of evaluation and value-based management of the troubled loans. The resolution of this issue is the most significant in the environment of increasing critical circumstances in the economy and banking sector in general. These critical circumstances are caused by the imposing of international economic sanctions against Russia and the price cut for energy supplies. The concept of the troubled loan was frequently considered in details in the materials of the Russian economists. The author gives her own concept of a troubled loan based on comparison and collation of various authors’ opinions. This concept in full details reveals the essence of a troubled loan as one of the cost factors of a commercial bank. The article describes the operations which form the basis of bank activity, and emphasizes special function of credit operations in commercial banks. The article presents key categories of commercial banks troubled loans from the point of view of Russian economists. The author considered the existing in foreign practice approaches to the concept of the definition “troubled loan”. To define the relations between the concepts of the troubled loan and the valuation base of a commercial bank the author studied the basic approaches (income, cost and comparison approaches) to the cost estimate of the troubled loans and the existing variety of its methods, and considered the advantages and disadvantages of each specified approach from the point of view of their application.