HISTORICALLY CONDITIONED TYPOLOGY OF NATIONALISM ON THE EXAMPLE OF CLASSIFICATION OF EASTERN AND WESTERN NATIONALISM


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Abstract

The phenomenon of nationalism is highly complex; therefore there is no single typology of nationalisms and it can not exist. This article examines one of the most replicable typologies developed by an American researcher Hans Kohn. The article presents a critical assessment of the proposed by Hans Kohn division of nationalism into Western and Eastern. Such a dichotomy is still used by some scientists following the constructivist approach. Nationalism, in broad sense, is understood in this article after Hans Kohn as a special state of mind when an individual exhibits a high degree of loyalty towards the government. In addition to the original theory of Hans Kohn, the article discusses the theories of German scientist Ergbert Yan and British researcher John Plamenatz. The author of the article reveals the reasons for the origin and popularity of the typology proposed by Hans Kohn in the academic field and everyday discourse. It focuses on the historical development of the classification and the associated changes introduced by the semantic content of Hans Kohn’s concepts. In particular, Western nationalism started to be called "civil", while the Eastern - "ethnic." Also in the article, the author highlights the essential reasons for the refusal by many modern researchers from the division of nationalism into Western and Eastern, and introduces criticism of the typology proposed by Hans Kohn. The article discusses the trend of rejecting the use of typology in explaining the phenomena of the nation and nationalism. However, in everyday life, the classifications remain popular.

About the authors

Daria Valerievna Shcheglova

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow

Author for correspondence.
Email: honour777@yandex.ru

post-graduate student of the department «Social Philosophy»

Россия

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