<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">971</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2024-3-69-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pulse diffusion welding of female joints</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Импульсная диффузионная сварка охватывающих соединений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strizhakov</surname><given-names>Evgeny L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрижаков</surname><given-names>Евгений Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, leading researcher of the Center for Scientific Competencies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра научных компетенций</p></bio><email>strizhakov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0243-7241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nescoromniy</surname><given-names>Stanislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нескоромный</surname><given-names>Станислав Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), Associate Professor, Head of Chair “Machines and Automation of Welding Engineering”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Машины и автоматизация сварочного производства»</p></bio><email>nescoromniy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyudmirsky</surname><given-names>Yury G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Людмирский</surname><given-names>Юрий Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, leading researcher of the Center for Scientific Competencies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра научных компетенций</p></bio><email>lyudmirskiy40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mordovtsev</surname><given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мордовцев</surname><given-names>Николай Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант</p></bio><email>map642@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Don State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Донской государственный технический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Strizhakov E.L., Nescoromniy S.V., Lyudmirsky Y.G., Mordovtsev N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Стрижаков Е.Л., Нескоромный С.В., Людмирский Ю.Г., Мордовцев Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strizhakov E.L., Nescoromniy S.V., Lyudmirsky Y.G., Mordovtsev N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стрижаков Е.Л., Нескоромный С.В., Людмирский Ю.Г., Мордовцев Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/971">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/971</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Special feature of operation of electrovacuum tubes, in particular the cathode assembly, is constant heating due to bombardment of its surface with electrons. Stable characteristics and durability of the cathode assembly depend on high-quality connection (welding) of the core surfaces with the emitter over the entire area of ​​the overlapped conjugation. The use of diffusion welding for joining a cathode assembly made of dissimilar materials is not possible due to the occurrence of poor welding fusion due to the presence of gaps in the ring sectors of the equipment, and, consequently, a decrease in the service life of the cathode assembly. The authors proposed to implement the process by combining magnetic pulse welding with diffusion welding. The originality of the work is the possibility of remote action on the joint through a dielectric quartz cup, which is a part of the technological vacuum chamber. The inductor system is outside the quartz cup, which allows heating the assembled unit without heating the tool – an inductor made of dissimilar materials – to a temperature of 700 ° C and higher. The authors determined the main parameters of the process of pulse diffusion welding in vacuum: pressure in the working chamber is В=0.66·10<sup>−2</sup> Pa (5·10<sup>−5</sup> mm Hg); preheating temperature is T=700–1250 °C; magnetic field pulse energy is W=5÷17 kJ; operating frequency of current pulse discharge is f<sub>d</sub>=5–15 kHz; magnetic pressure is P<sub>m</sub>&gt;∙10<sup>7</sup> N/m<sup>2</sup>. In this way, cathode assemblies of a wide range of metal pair combinations with a base diameter of d=20 mm and a sample length of L=40 mm were produced. The proposed technology has been successfully implemented and introduced at Tantal (Open Joint Stock company). The economic effect consists in reducing labor intensity and obtaining joints of stable quality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Особенностью эксплуатации электровакуумных приборов, в частности катодного узла, является постоянный нагрев за счет бомбардировки его поверхности электронами. Стабильные характеристики и стойкость катодного узла зависят от качественного соединения (сварки) поверхностей керна с эмиттером по всей площади нахлесточного сопряжения. Использование диффузионной сварки для соединения катодного узла из разнородных материалов не представляется возможным по причине возникновения непроваров из-за наличия зазоров в кольцевых секторах оснастки, а следовательно, снижения срока службы катодного узла. Авторами предложено реализовать процесс путем совмещения магнитно-импульсной сварки с диффузионной. Оригинальность работы заключается в возможности дистанционного воздействия на соединение через диэлектрический кварцевый стакан, который входит в состав технологической вакуумной камеры. Индукторная система находится снаружи кварцевого стакана, что позволяет осуществлять нагрев собранного узла без нагрева инструмента – индуктора из разнородных материалов – до температуры 700 °С и выше. Определены основные параметры процесса импульсной диффузионной сварки в вакууме: давление в рабочей камере <italic>В</italic>=0,66·10<sup>−2</sup> Па (5·10<sup>−5</sup> мм рт. ст.);<bold> </bold>температура предварительного разогрева <italic>Т</italic>=700–1250 °С; энергия импульса магнитного поля <italic>W</italic>=5÷17 кДж; рабочая частота разряда импульсов тока <italic>f<sub>р</sub></italic>=5–15 кГц; магнитное давление <italic>Р</italic><sub>м</sub>&gt;∙10<sup>7</sup> Н/м<sup>2</sup>. Таким образом были получены катодные узлы широкой номенклатуры сочетаний пар металлов с диаметром основания <italic>d</italic>=20 мм и длиной образца <italic>L</italic>=40 мм. Предложенная технология успешно реализована и внедрена на ОАО «Тантал». Экономический эффект заключается в снижении трудоемкости и получении соединений стабильного качества.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pulse diffusion welding</kwd><kwd>welding of female joints</kwd><kwd>magnetic pulse welding</kwd><kwd>inductor</kwd><kwd>magnetic pressure</kwd><kwd>input energy</kwd><kwd>dissimilar alloys</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>импульсная диффузионная сварка</kwd><kwd>сварка охватывающих соединений</kwd><kwd>магнитно-импульсная сварка</kwd><kwd>индуктор</kwd><kwd>магнитное давление</kwd><kwd>вводимая энергия</kwd><kwd>разнородные сплавы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors of the paper express gratitude to the staff of Microengineering Research Institute and Don State Technical University for their assistance in carrying out research and development work.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы статьи выражают благодарность сотрудникам НИИ «Микротехника» и Донскому государственному техническому университету за содействие в выполнении научно-исследовательской и опытно-конструкторской работы.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushpelev Yu.V. Diffusion welding in instrumentation. Vektor razvitiya, 2022, no. 11, pp. 72–83. EDN: JRIGAD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кушпелев Ю.В. Диффузионная сварка в приборостроении // Вектор развития. 2022. № 11. С. 72–83. EDN: JRIGAD.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barabanova O.A., Polunin V.A., Salmin P.A. Diffusion welding: possible defects of welded joints, reasons for their occurrence, and methods of control. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo, 2017, no. 10, pp. 34–43. EDN: YLXALK.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барабанова О.А., Полунин В.А., Салмин П.А. Диффузионная сварка: возможные дефекты сварных соединений, причины их возникновения и методы контроля // Сварочное производство. 2017. № 10. С. 34–43. EDN: YLXALK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyushinskiy A.V. Comparison of some methods of intensification of the diffusion welding process. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo, 2021, no. 12, pp. 22–29. EDN: JZWQSH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Люшинский А.В. Сравнение некоторых методов интенсификации процесса диффузионной сварки // Сварочное производство. 2021. № 12. С. 22–29. EDN: JZWQSH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Jian Yang, Xu Bin, Naeemul Haq Tariq, Sun MingYue, Li DianZhong, Li Yi Yi. Microstructure evolutions and interfacial bonding behavior of Ni-based superalloys during solid state plastic deformation bonding. Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology, 2020, vol. 46, pp. 1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Jian Yang, Xu Bin, Naeemul Haq Tariq, Sun MingYue, Li DianZhong, Li Yi Yi. Microstructure evolutions and interfacial bonding behavior of Ni-based superalloys during solid state plastic deformation bonding // Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology. 2020. Vol. 46. P. 1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Chang, Qian Sanfeng, Liu Rui, Wang Shan, Liao Bin, Zhong Zhihong, Cao Lingfei, Coenen Jan W., Wu Yucheng. The microstructure and tensile properties of W/Ti multilayer composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, vol. 780, pp. 116–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Chang, Qian Sanfeng, Liu Rui, Wang Shan, Liao Bin, Zhong Zhihong, Cao Lingfei, Coenen Jan W., Wu Yucheng. The microstructure and tensile properties of W/Ti multilayer composites prepared by spark plasma sintering // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2019. Vol. 780. P. 116–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Qiang, Xiang Huiying, Luo Guoqiang, Wang Chuanbin, Li Meijuan, Zhang Lianmeng. Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4/oxygen-free copper joint with silver interlayer prepared by diffusion bonding. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2014, vol. 596, pp. 45–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.12.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Qiang, Xiang Huiying, Luo Guoqiang, Wang Chuanbin, Li Meijuan, Zhang Lianmeng. Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4/oxygen-free copper joint with silver interlayer prepared by diffusion bonding // Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014. Vol. 596. P. 45–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.12.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding Wen, Liu Ning, Fan Jiacheng, Cao Jing, Wang Xiaojing. Diffusion bonding of copper to titanium using CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy interlayer. Intermetallics, 2021, vol. 129, article number 107027. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.107027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding Wen, Liu Ning, Fan Jiacheng, Cao Jing, Wang Xiaojing. Diffusion bonding of copper to titanium using CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy interlayer // Intermetallics. 2021. Vol. 129. Article number 107027. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.107027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Qiang, Xiang Huiying, Luo Quoqiang, Su Xiaopeng, Zhang Lianmeng. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded TC4/0Cr18Ni9/Oxygen Free Copper joints. Materials &amp; Design, 2013, vol. 50, pp. 230–234. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Qiang, Xiang Huiying, Luo Quoqiang, Su Xiaopeng, Zhang Lianmeng. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded TC4/0Cr18Ni9/Oxygen Free Copper joints // Materials &amp; Design. 2013. Vol. 50. P. 230–234. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aydın K., Kaya Y., Kahraman N. Experimental study of diffusion welding/bonding of titanium to copper. Materials &amp; Design, 2012, vol. 37, pp. 356–368. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.01.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aydın K., Kaya Y., Kahraman N. Experimental study of diffusion welding/bonding of titanium to copper // Materials &amp; Design. 2012. Vol. 37. P. 356–368. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.01.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei Yanni, Li Yaru, Zhu Linghao, Chen Yu, Guo Bingbing. Study on inhibition of interfacial compounds and improvement of joint properties by low temperature and high-pressure process in diffusion bonding of Ti/Cu. Vacuum, 2023, vol. 218, article number 112636. DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112636.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei Yanni, Li Yaru, Zhu Linghao, Chen Yu, Guo Bingbing. Study on inhibition of interfacial compounds and improvement of joint properties by low temperature and high-pressure process in diffusion bonding of Ti/Cu // Vacuum. 2023. Vol. 218. Article number 112636. DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112636.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng Wei, Zhang Jian, Guo Hucheng, Xiao Yong, Luo Guoqiang, Shen Qiang. Dissimilar low-temperature diffusion bonding of copper and titanium using a Zn interlayer: Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties. Intermetallics, 2024, vol. 173, article number 108437. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2024.108437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng Wei, Zhang Jian, Guo Hucheng, Xiao Yong, Luo Guoqiang, Shen Qiang. Dissimilar low-temperature diffusion bonding of copper and titanium using a Zn interlayer: Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties // Intermetallics. 2024. Vol. 173. Article number 108437. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2024.108437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klokova M.S., Ivanov I.A. Research on the production of bimetallic compounds by diffusion welding in a vacuum. Vakuumnaya tekhnika i tekhnologiya, 2017, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 3.1–3.3. EDN: YVANOD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клокова М.С., Иванов И.А. Исследования по получению биметаллических соединений методом диффузионной сварки в вакууме // Вакуумная техника и технология. 2017. Т. 27. № 2. С. 3.1–3.3. EDN: YVANOD.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strizhakov E.L., Nescoromniy S.V., Lyudmirskiy Yu.G., Mordovtsev N.A. Methods of magnetic pulse welding. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2024, no. 2, pp. 70–77. DOI: 10.35211/1990-5297-2024-2-285-70-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрижаков Е.Л., Нескоромный С.В., Людмирский Ю.Г., Мордовцев Н.А. Методы магнитно-импульсной сварки (обзор) // Известия Волгоградского государственного технического университета. 2024. № 2. С. 70–77. DOI: 10.35211/1990-5297-2024-2-285-70-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernikov D.G., Yusupov R.Yu., Pesotskiy V.I., Alekhina V.K. Designs of assembly joints and magnetic-pulse technology for their implementation. Aerokosmicheskaya tekhnika i tekhnologii, 2023, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 173–182. EDN: FFZSNM.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черников Д.Г., Юсупов Р.Ю., Песоцкий В.И., Алехина В.К. Конструкции сборочных соединений и магнитно-импульсная технология для их реализации // Аэрокосмическая техника и технологии. 2023. Т. 1. № 3. С. 173–182. EDN: FFZSNM.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glushchenkov V.A. Magnetic pulse assembly technology in the production of bimetallic earthing. Kuznechno-shtampovochnoe proizvodstvo. Obrabotka materialov davleniem, 2019, no. 8, pp. 16–25. EDN: XQTGQY.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глущенков В.А. Магнитно-импульсная технология сборки при производстве биметаллического заземлителя // Кузнечно-штамповочное производство. Обработка материалов давлением. 2019. № 8. С. 16–25. EDN: XQTGQY.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherepnin Yu.S., Semenov A.N., Uvarov A.A. Development of the design and technology of diffusion welding of bimetallic cylindrical joints “austenitic steel – zirconium alloy”. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo, 2018, no. 9, pp. 16–19. EDN: YLVDFB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черепнин Ю.С., Семенов А.Н., Уваров А.А. Разработка конструкции и технологии диффузионной сварки биметаллических цилиндрических соединений «аустенитная сталь – сплав циркония» // Сварочное производство. 2018. № 9. С. 16–19. EDN: YLVDFB.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapanathan T., Raoelison R.N., Buiron N., Rachik M. Magnetic Pulse Welding: An Innovative Joining Technology for Similar and Dissimilar Metal Pairs. Industrial Engineering and Management. Joining Technologies, 2016, pp. 243–273. DOI: 10.5772/63525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapanathan T., Raoelison R.N., Buiron N., Rachik M. Magnetic Pulse Welding: An Innovative Joining Technology for Similar and Dissimilar Metal Pairs // Industrial Engineering and Management. Joining Technologies. 2016. P. 243–273. DOI: 10.5772/63525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angshuman Kapil, Abhay Sharma. Magnetic pulse welding: an efficient and environmentally friendly multi-material joining technique. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, vol. 100, pp. 35–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Angshuman Kapil, Abhay Sharma. Magnetic pulse welding: an efficient and environmentally friendly multi-material joining technique // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015. Vol. 100. P. 35–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Yingzi, Yang Zhiyuan, Peng Wenxiong, Zhang Huaiqing. Experimental investigation and optimization on field shaper structure parameters in magnetic pulse welding. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2021, vol. 235, no. 13, pp. 2108–2117. DOI: 10.1177/09544054211014846.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Yingzi, Yang Zhiyuan, Peng Wenxiong, Zhang Huaiqing. Experimental investigation and optimization on field shaper structure parameters in magnetic pulse welding // Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 2021. Vol. 235. № 13. P. 2108–2117. DOI: 10.1177/09544054211014846.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytsev E., Krutikov V., Spirin A., Paranin S. Development of Multi-Part Field-Shapers for Magnetic Pulse Welding Using Nanostructured Cu-Nb Composite. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2024, vol. 8, no. 3, article number 97. DOI: 10.3390/jmmp8030097.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaytsev E., Krutikov V., Spirin A., Paranin S. Development of Multi-Part Field-Shapers for Magnetic Pulse Welding Using Nanostructured Cu-Nb Composite // Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2024. Vol. 8. № 3. Article number 97. DOI: 10.3390/jmmp8030097.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashish K. Rajak, Ramesh Kumar, Kore S.D. Designing of field shaper for the electro-magnetic crimping process. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2019, vol. 33, pp. 5407–5413. DOI: 10.1007/s12206-019-1035-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashish K. Rajak, Ramesh Kumar, Kore S.D. Designing of field shaper for the electro-magnetic crimping process // Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2019. Vol. 33. P. 5407–5413. DOI: 10.1007/s12206-019-1035-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev S.P., Yakovlev S.S., Chudin V.N., Sobolev Ya.A. Shape formation and diffusion welding of structural elements. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Tekhnicheskie nauki, 2009, no. 1-1, pp. 76–85. EDN: KGLNJZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев С.П., Яковлев С.С., Чудин В.Н., Соболев Я.А. Формообразование и диффузионная сварка элементов конструкций // Известия Тульского государственного университета. Технические науки. 2009. № 1-1. С. 76–85. EDN: KGLNJZ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strizhakov E.L., Batsemakin M.Yu., Neskoromnyy S.V. Conditions for quality processing and algorithm of estimation and selection of parameters of magnetic-pulse welding of lapped joints. Fizika i khimiya obrabotki materialov, 2007, no. 1, pp. 64–67. EDN: KVNXST.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрижаков Е.Л., Бацемакин М.Ю., Нескоромный С.В. Условия качественной обработки и алгоритм расчёта и выбора параметров магнитно-импульсной сварки нахлёсточных соединений // Физика и химия обработки материалов. 2007. № 1. С. 64–67. EDN: KVNXST.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strizhakov E.L., Neskoromny S.V., Ageev S.O., Lemeshev S.V. Development of discharge-pulsed equipment for applied studies of magnetic-pulsed welding processes. Welding International, 2016, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 813–816. DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2016.1148409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strizhakov E.L., Neskoromny S.V., Ageev S.O., Lemeshev S.V. Development of discharge-pulsed equipment for applied studies of magnetic-pulsed welding processes // Welding International. 2016. Vol. 30. № 10. P. 813–816. DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2016.1148409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
