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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">939</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2024-2-68-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The study of transformations of supercooled austenite during step quenching of 20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo steel</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование превращений переохлажденного аустенита при ступенчатой закалке стали 20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-2988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maisuradze</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майсурадзе</surname><given-names>Михаил Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), Associate Professor, assistant professor of Chair “Heat Treatment and Physics of Metals”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры «Термообработка и физика металлов»</p></bio><email>m.v.maisuradze@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-3254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuklina</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклина</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), assistant professor of Chair “Physics”, Head of Scientific-Research and Testing Laboratory of Geocryology, Soil Physics and Materials, engineer of Laboratory of Structural Methods of Analysis and Properties of Materials and Nanomaterials</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры<sup> </sup>«Физика», заведующий научно-исследовательской и испытательной лабораторией геокриологии, физики грунтов и материалов, инженер лаборатории структурных методов анализа и свойств материалов и наноматериалов</p></bio><email>kuklina@m.ursmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarova</surname><given-names>Vera V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назарова</surname><given-names>Вера Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of Chair “Heat Treatment and Physics of Metals”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры «Термообработка и физика металлов»</p></bio><email>kamicure@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Mining University&#13;
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный горный университет&#13;
Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-28"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Maisuradze M.V., Kuklina A.A., Nazarova V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Майсурадзе М.В., Куклина А.А., Назарова В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maisuradze M.V., Kuklina A.A., Nazarova V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Майсурадзе М.В., Куклина А.А., Назарова В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/939">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/939</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, step quenching of steels in the temperature range of martensitic transformation, including quenching – partitioning, has found wide application in the automotive industry. Step quenching technology is successfully used to increase a set of properties, which most often include temporary tensile strength and relative elongation. The authors carried out a dilatometric study of the supercooled austenite transformations occurring in the 20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo steel, when implementing various options of step quenching with holding in the martensitic region. It was found that after single-stage quenching, single-stage quenching followed by tempering, and two-stage quenching, primary martensite, isothermal bainite, and secondary martensite are formed in various quantitative ratios. Using X-ray diffraction phase analysis, the amount of residual austenite was determined during step quenching. It has been shown that two-stage quenching makes it possible to stabilise up to 14 % of residual austenite, in the structure of the studied steel, at room temperature. Research has revealed that 20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo steel is characterised by a decrease in the crystal lattice parameter of the residual austenite, with an increase in its content in the steel structure. Uniaxial tensile and impact bending tests were carried out, and the values of the mechanical properties were determined. It has been found that during two-stage quenching, higher strength and elongation values, with lower values of relative contraction and impact strength are achieved compared to oil quenching and low-temperature tempering. The study showed that, with regard to the structural reliability of machine-building parts, step quenching is not the optimal heat treatment mode for the steel under study. The best combination of strength, ductility and impact hardness is achieved after quenching and low-temperature tempering.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время ступенчатая закалка сталей в температурном интервале мартенситного превращения, в т. ч. quenching – partitioning, нашла широкое применение в автомобильной промышленности. Технология ступенчатой закалки успешно применяется для повышения комплекса свойств, к которым чаще всего относят временное сопротивление разрыву и относительное удлинение. Проведено дилатометрическое исследование превращений переохлажденного аустенита, протекающих в стали 20Х2Г2СНМА, при реализации различных вариантов ступенчатой закалки с выдержкой в мартенситной области. Установлено, что после одноступенчатой закалки, одноступенчатой закалки с последующим отпуском, двухступенчатой закалки образуются первичный мартенсит, изотермический бейнит, вторичный мартенсит в различных количественных соотношениях. С помощью рентгеноструктурного фазового анализа определено количество остаточного аустенита при реализации ступенчатой закалки. Показано, что двухступенчатая закалка позволяет стабилизировать в структуре исследуемой стали при комнатной температуре до 14 % остаточного аустенита. Исследования выявили, что для стали 20Х2Г2СНМА характерно уменьшение параметра кристаллической решетки остаточного аустенита при увеличении его содержания в структуре стали. Проведены испытания при одноосном растяжении и на ударный изгиб, определены значения механических свойств. Установлено, что при двухступенчатой закалке достигаются более высокие по сравнению с закалкой в масле и низкотемпературным отпуском показатели прочности и относительного удлинения при меньших значениях относительного сужения и ударной вязкости. Показано, что с точки зрения конструктивной надежности машиностроительных деталей ступенчатая закалка не является оптимальным режимом термической обработки исследуемой стали. Наилучшее сочетание прочности, пластичности и ударной вязкости достигается после закалки и низкотемпературного отпуска.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>supercooled austenite transformations</kwd><kwd>step quenching</kwd><kwd>20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo steel</kwd><kwd>20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo</kwd><kwd>quenching – partitioning</kwd><kwd>isothermal quenching</kwd><kwd>quenching and tempering</kwd><kwd>residual austenite</kwd><kwd>primary martensite</kwd><kwd>isothermal bainite</kwd><kwd>secondary martensite</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>превращения переохлажденного аустенита</kwd><kwd>ступенчатая закалка</kwd><kwd>сталь 20Х2Г2СНМА</kwd><kwd>20Cr2Mn2SiNiMo</kwd><kwd>quenching – partitioning</kwd><kwd>изотермическая закалка</kwd><kwd>закалка и отпуск</kwd><kwd>остаточный аустенит</kwd><kwd>первичный мартенсит</kwd><kwd>изотермический бейнит</kwd><kwd>вторичный мартенсит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-29-00106, https://grant.rscf.ru/prjcard_int?22-29-00106. The paper was written on the reports of the participants of the XI International School of Physical Materials Science (SPM-2023), Togliatti, September 11–15, 2023.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-29-00106, https://grant.rscf.ru/prjcard_int?22-29-00106. Статья подготовлена по материалам докладов участников XI Международной школы «Физическое материаловедение» (ШФМ-2023), Тольятти, 11–15 сентября 2023 года.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Speer J.G. Phase transformations in quenched and partitioned steels. Phase transformations in steels. Diffusionless Transformations, High Strength Steels, Modelling and Advanced Analytical Techniques. Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012. Vol. 2, pp. 247–270. 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