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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">907</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2024-1-67-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Electrospark modification of the surface of additive VT6 alloy with high-entropy and amorphous electrodes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Электроискровое модифицирование поверхности аддитивного сплава ВТ6 высокоэнтропийным и аморфным электродами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-6237</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukanov</surname><given-names>Samat K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муканов</surname><given-names>Самат Куандыкович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), junior researcher of Scientific-Educational Center of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, младший научный сотрудник научно-учебного центра самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза</p></bio><email>smukanov@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2505-2918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>Павел Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), senior researcher of Scientific-Educational Center of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-учебного центра самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза</p></bio><email>pavel.loginov.misis@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-8050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrzhik</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петржик</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), professor of Chair of Powder Metallurgy and Functional Coatings, leading researcher of Scientific-Educational Center of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры порошковой металлургии и функциональных покрытий, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-учебного центра самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза</p></bio><email>petrzhik@shs.misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-0013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levashov</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левашов</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Head of Chair of Powder Metallurgy and Functional Coatings, Head of Scientific-Educational Center of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой порошковой металлургии и функциональных покрытий, директор научно-учебного центра самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза</p></bio><email>levashov@shs.misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет науки и технологий МИСИС</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Mukanov S.K., Loginov P.A., Petrzhik M.I., Levashov E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Муканов С.К., Логинов П.А., Петржик М.И., Левашов Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukanov S.K., Loginov P.A., Petrzhik M.I., Levashov E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муканов С.К., Логинов П.А., Петржик М.И., Левашов Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/907">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/907</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Unsatisfactory quality of the surface layer of additive products, in particular increased surface roughness, prevents the widespread use of electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF). Electrospark treatment (EST) is one of the methods for smoothing and hardening the surface layer. The work shows the possibility of modifying the surface of additive VT6 alloy samples by reactive EST with multicomponent electrodes. For this purpose, the authors used electrodes made of the Fe<sub>48</sub>Cr<sub>15</sub>Mo<sub>14</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>C<sub>15</sub>B<sub>6</sub> bulk metallic glass forming alloy and the FeCoCrNi<sub>2</sub> high-entropy alloy. Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy, it was identified that after EST, both modified layers have a thickness of about 16 μm. X-ray diffraction phase analysis showed that in the case of treatment with an amorphous electrode they contain carboborides of the Ti(B,C) type, and in the case of treatment with a high-entropy electrode – intermetallic of the Ti<sub>2</sub>(Fe,Ni) type. The modified layers have average hardness values of 19 and 10 GPa and elastic modulus of 234 and 157 GPa, respectively, which significantly exceeds the values of these parameters for the EBPBF-grown VT6 alloy. Electric discharge modification of the surface with multicomponent electrodes led to a decrease in roughness by 8...11 times due to the melting of the protrusions and filling of the dimples with the melt to a depth of more than 50 μm. A comparative analysis of the results of tribological tests showed a change in the wear mechanism as a result of EST of the additive VT6 alloy. Wear resistance increased by 4 and 3 orders of magnitude when using electrodes made of a bulk metallic glass and high-entropy alloy, respectively.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неудовлетворительное качество поверхностного слоя аддитивных изделий, в частности повышенная шероховатость поверхности, препятствует широкому применению селективного электронно-лучевого сплавления (СЭЛС). Одним из способов выглаживания, а также упрочнения поверхностного слоя является электроискровая обработка (ЭИО). В работе показана возможность модифицирования поверхности аддитивных образцов из сплава ВТ6 путем реакционной ЭИО многокомпонентными электродами. Для этого были использованы электроды из объемноаморфизуемого сплава Fe<sub>48</sub>Cr<sub>15</sub>Mo<sub>14</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>C<sub>15</sub>B<sub>6</sub> и высокоэнтропийного сплава FeCoCrNi<sub>2</sub>. По результатам растровой электронной микроскопии установлено, что после ЭИО оба модифицированных слоя имеют толщину около 16 мкм. Рентгеноструктурный фазовый анализ показал, что в случае обработки аморфным электродом они содержат карбобориды типа Ti(B,C), а в случае обработки высокоэнтропийным электродом – интерметаллиды типа Ti<sub>2</sub>(Fe,Ni). Модифицированные слои имеют средние значения твердости 19 и 10 ГПа и модуля упругости 234 и 157 ГПа соответственно, что значительно превышает значения этих параметров для сплава ВТ6, выращенного СЭЛС. Электроискровое модифицирование поверхности многокомпонентными электродами привело к уменьшению шероховатости в 8…11 раз за счет оплавления выступов и заполнения впадин расплавом на глубину более 50 мкм. Сравнительный анализ результатов трибологических испытаний показал изменение механизма износа в результате ЭИО аддитивного сплава ВТ6. Износостойкость повысилась на 4 и 3 порядка величины при применении электродов из объемноаморфизуемого и высокоэнтропийного сплава соответственно.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>titanium alloy</kwd><kwd>electron beam powder bed fusion</kwd><kwd>surface roughness</kwd><kwd>smoothing</kwd><kwd>hardening</kwd><kwd>wear resistance</kwd><kwd>electrospark treatment</kwd><kwd>bulk metallic glass forming alloy</kwd><kwd>high-entropy alloys</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>титановый сплав</kwd><kwd>селективное электронно-лучевое сплавление</kwd><kwd>шероховатость поверхности</kwd><kwd>выглаживание</kwd><kwd>упрочнение</kwd><kwd>износостойкость</kwd><kwd>электроискровая обработка</kwd><kwd>объемноаморфизуемые сплавы</kwd><kwd>высокоэнтропийные сплавы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment in the sphere of science (project No. 0718-2020-0034). 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