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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">874</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2023-3-65-11</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of microstructure formation in the AK4-1 and AK12D aluminum alloys after their joint friction stir processing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности формирования микроструктуры алюминиевых сплавов АК4-1 и АК12Д после их совместной обработки трением с перемешиванием</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-8469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalikova</surname><given-names>Gulnara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халикова</surname><given-names>Гульнара Рашитовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), senior researcher, assistant professor of Chair “Technological Machines and Equipment”, assistant professor of Chair “Metal Technology in Oil-and-Gas Mechanical Engineering”<italic> </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, доцент кафедры «Технологические машины и оборудование», доцент кафедры «Технология металлов в нефтегазовом машиностроении»</p></bio><email>gulnara.r.khalikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basyrova</surname><given-names>Regina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басырова</surname><given-names>Регина Айратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>стажер-исследователь</p></bio><email>regina1296@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-1355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonov</surname><given-names>Vadim G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонов</surname><given-names>Вадим Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), leading researcher, assistant professor of Chair “Metal Technology in Oil-and-Gas Mechanical Engineering”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент кафедры «Технология металлов в нефтегазовом машиностроении» </p></bio><email>vadimt@imsp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем сверхпластичности металлов РАН, Уфа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, Уфа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/874">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/874</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Friction stir processing is one of the modern methods of local modification of the surface of aluminum alloys in the solid-phase state, which provides the dispersion of structural components. In heat-hardened aluminum alloys with a matrix type structure, heat treatment following after friction stir processing can lead to abnormal grain growth in the stir zone. However, in alloys with the structure close to microduplex type, a fine-grained structure can be formed after friction stir processing and heat treatment. This work is aimed at evaluating the possibility of increasing the microstructure thermal stability of the AK4-1 (Al–Cu–Mg–Fe–Si–Ni) matrix-type aluminum alloy. For this purpose, AK12D (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) aluminum alloy with the structure close to microduplex type was locally mixed into the studied alloy by friction stir processing. Subsequent Т6 heat treatment was carried out according to the standard mode for the AK4-1 alloy. Studies showed that the stir zone had an elliptical shape with an onion-ring structure. This structure comprised alternating rings with different amounts and sizes of excess phases. At the same time, in the stir zone center, the width of rings and the average area of excess phases were larger compared to the stir zone periphery, where the width of rings and the average area of particles were smaller. The average area of excess phases in the rings with their higher content was smaller than in the rings with their lower content. This distribution of excess phases leads to the formation of a fine-grained microstructure, where the average size of grains depends on the interparticle distance in the α-Al solid solution.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обработка трением с перемешиванием – один из современных методов локального модифицирования поверхности алюминиевых сплавов в твердофазном состоянии, обеспечивающий диспергирование структурных составляющих. В термически упрочняемых алюминиевых сплавах со структурой матричного типа последующая после обработки трением с перемешиванием термообработка может приводить к аномальному росту зерен в зоне перемешивания. Однако в сплавах, структура которых близка к микродуплексному типу, после обработки трением с перемешиванием и термообработки может сформироваться мелкозернистая структура. Работа направлена на оценку возможности повышения термической стабильности микроструктуры алюминиевого сплава АК4-1 (Al–Cu–Mg–Fe–Si–Ni) матричного типа. Для этого в исследуемый сплав обработкой трением с перемешиванием локально замешивался алюминиевый сплав АК12Д (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) со структурой, близкой к микродуплексному типу. Последующая упрочняющая термообработка проводилась по стандартному режиму для сплава АК4-1. Исследования показали, что зона перемешивания имеет эллиптическую форму со структурой «луковичных колец». Такая структура представляет собой чередующиеся кольца с разным количеством и размером избыточных фаз. При этом в центре зоны перемешивания ширина колец и средняя площадь избыточных фаз больше по сравнению с периферией зоны перемешивания, где ширина колец и средняя площадь частиц меньше. Средняя площадь частиц избыточных фаз в кольцах с бóльшим их содержанием меньше по сравнению с кольцами, где их количество ниже. Такое распределение избыточных фаз приводит к формированию мелкозернистой микроструктуры, средний размер которой зависит от межчастичного расстояния в α-Al твердом растворе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum alloys</kwd><kwd>AK4-1</kwd><kwd>AK12D</kwd><kwd>friction stir processing</kwd><kwd>heat treatment</kwd><kwd>thermal stability</kwd><kwd>structure of onion rings</kwd><kwd>onion-ring structure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алюминиевые сплавы</kwd><kwd>АК4-1</kwd><kwd>АК12Д</kwd><kwd>обработка трением с перемешиванием</kwd><kwd>термообработка</kwd><kwd>термическая стабильность</kwd><kwd>структура луковичных колец</kwd><kwd>луковично-кольцевая структура</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Friction stir processing, macrostructure study, and alloy microstructure quantitative estimation were financially supported by the grant No. 22-29-01318 of the Russian Science Foundation. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis was supported within the program of fundamental research and state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Microstructural research using scanning electron microscopes was carried out on the equipment of Collaborative Access Center “Structural and Physical-Mechanical Research of Materials” of IMSP RAS.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Обработка трением с перемешиванием, исследование макростроения и количественная оценка микроструктуры сплавов выполнены за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-29-01318. Энергодисперсионный спектральный анализ поддержан в рамках программы фундаментальных исследований и государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ. 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