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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">869</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2023-3-65-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Formation of a bimetallic Ti–Al material by a wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Формирование биметаллического материала Ti–Al методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4020-0755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luchin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лучин</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, research engineer of “Physics of Hierarchical Structures of Metals and Alloys” Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, инженер-исследователь лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах</p></bio><email>luchin250398@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-4205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Astafurova</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астафурова</surname><given-names>Елена Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, chief researcher of “Physics of Hierarchical Structures of Metals and Alloys” Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах</p></bio><email>lena.g.astafurova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-3777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Astafurov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астафуров</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physics and Mathematics), senior researcher of “Physics of Hierarchical Structures of Metals and Alloys” Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах</p></bio><email>svastafurov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-1010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reunova</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реунова</surname><given-names>Ксения Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, junior researcher of “Physics of Hierarchical Structures of Metals and Alloys” Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах</p></bio><email>reunova.ksenya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-7198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagibalova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загибалова</surname><given-names>Елена Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, engineer of “Physics of Hierarchical Structures of Metals and Alloys” Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, инженер лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах</p></bio><email>zagibalova-lena99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-3656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolubaev</surname><given-names>Eugeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колубаев</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Director </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, директор</p></bio><email>eak@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Томск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/869">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/869</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, there is a request from aerospace and aircraft for the construction materials with sufficiently high mechanical strength, thermal creep, corrosion and oxidation resistance. The conventional alloys used for these purposes are too heavy. At the same time, alternative light materials such as Ti–Al-based alloys have many flaws, when they are produced by conventional methods. This work considers the possibility to produce the Ti–Al-based alloys by the method of a wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM). We study the chemical and phase compositions, microstructure and microhardness of a bimetallic Ti–Al alloy, obtained by this method. It is found the formation of five characteristic regions between titanium and aluminum parts of the bimetallic billet. The mixing zone consists of TiAl and TiAl<sub>3</sub> intermetallics, that is confirmed by the investigation of microstructure, chemical and phase compositions. According to XRD (X-ray diffraction) and EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses, it can be assumed that TiAl intermetallic prevails over TiAl<sub>3</sub> one. The average microhardness of the mixing zone equals to 450 HV (≈4.4 GPa). This zone has developed dendritic microstructure, and even distribution of the phases without link to dendritic and inter-dendritic zones. The cracks appearing in this area are filled with the material of the upper layers, so the whole material is poreless and defect-free. Thus, the results of this work have shown a fundamental possibility to produce the intermetallic Ti–Al alloys with the use of the EBAM.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время в аэрокосмической промышленности и авиастроении существует запрос на новые конструкционные материалы, обладающие достаточно высокой механической прочностью, тепловой ползучестью, стойкостью к коррозии и окислению. Обычные сплавы, используемые для этих целей, слишком тяжелы. В то же время альтернативные легкие материалы, такие как сплавы на основе Ti–Al, имеют множество недостатков при производстве традиционными методами. В данной работе рассмотрена возможность получения сплавов на основе Ti–Al методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства (ЭЛАП). Изучены химический и фазовый составы, микроструктура и микротвердость биметаллического сплава Ti–Al, полученного данным методом. Обнаружено образование пяти характерных областей между титановой и алюминиевой частями биметаллической заготовки. Зона смешивания состоит из интерметаллидов TiAl и TiAl<sub>3</sub>, что подтверждается исследованием ее микроструктуры, химического и фазового составов. По результатам рентгеновского дифракционного анализа и энергодисперсионной рентгеновской спектроскопии можно предположить, что объемная доля интерметаллида TiAl в зоне смешивания выше, чем доля фазы TiAl<sub>3</sub>. Средняя микротвердость зоны смешивания составляет 450 HV (≈4,4 ГПа). В зоне смешивания сформировалась развитая дендритная микроструктура и равномерное распределение фаз без привязки к дендритным и междендритным зонам. Трещины, появляющиеся в этой области, заполняются материалом верхних слоев, поэтому материал беспористый и бездефектный. Это показывает принципиальную возможность получения интерметаллидных сплавов Ti–Al с использованием ЭЛАП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electron beam additive manufacturing</kwd><kwd>titanium aluminide</kwd><kwd>Ti–Al</kwd><kwd>TiAl3</kwd><kwd>titanium</kwd><kwd>aluminum</kwd><kwd>intermetallics</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронно-лучевое аддитивное производство</kwd><kwd>алюминид титана</kwd><kwd>Ti–Al</kwd><kwd>TiAl3</kwd><kwd>титан</kwd><kwd>алюминий</kwd><kwd>интерметаллиды</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Government research assignment for Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, project No. FWRW-2022-0005. The equipment of the “Nanotech” center of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS was utilized. The authors thank V. Rubtsov and S. Nikonov for their assistance with the additive manufacturing of the material. The paper was written on the reports of the participants of the XI International School of Physical Materials Science (SPM-2023), Togliatti, September 11–15, 2023.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного научного задания Института физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАН, проект № FWRW-2022-0005). Исследования выполнены с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования «Нанотех» Института физики прочности и материаловедения СО РАН. Авторы благодарят Рубцова В.Е. и Никонова С.Ю. за помощь при аддитивном производстве материала. 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