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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">66</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2073-5073-2020-1-15-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE INFLUENCE OF SR(CA)<sub>2</sub>NB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ON THE PHASE FORMATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF SOLID SOLUTIONS BASED ON THE SODIUM-KALIUM NIOBATE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ SR(CA)<sub>2</sub>NB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> НА ФАЗООБРАЗОВАНИЕ И СТРУКТУРУ ТВЕРДЫХ РАСТВОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ НИОБАТА НАТРИЯ-КАЛИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-2471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student of Physics Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант физического факультета</p></bio><email>kate93g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Southern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южный федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-02-24"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/66">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/66</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>(1- x )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - x NaNbO<sub>3</sub> system is one of the most learned among lead-free ceramics. This system is promising for potential use in piezoelectric technology and the replacement of lead-containing elements in such devices. However, despite many works aimed at the solution of this problem, at the moment, no lead-free materials with the properties comparable to the lead-containing piezo-ceramics were produced. It is caused by various technological difficulties of creating solid solutions (SS) based on the lead-free compositions such as alkaline components volatility and the strongest dependence of the observed properties on the production conditions (thermodynamic history). One of the techniques applied to improve processability and SS stability as well as to improve electrophysical properties is modifying. The paper deals with the study of the influence of calcium and strontium pyroniobates additives on the structure and properties of (1- x )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - x NaNbO<sub>3</sub> system. The conditions of synthesis and sintering for each solid solution of (1- x-у )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - y NaNbO<sub>3</sub> - x (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> systems are optimized. The author carried out the X-ray diffraction and radiographic analysis of the produced items, analyzed the dependence of the parameters, cell volume, and the ceramics densities on the concentration of added (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> component. The study determined that the increase in the content of calcium and strontium pyroniobates in the interval of 0≤х≤10 % leads to the appearance of several phase transitions caused by the structural transformation in the (1- x-у )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - y NaNbO<sub>3</sub> - x (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> systems. The symmetry of the abovementioned systems changes in different ways. The doping with strontium pyroniobate causes the tetragonal structure distortion and the doping with calcium pyroniobate leads to the formation of the cubic lattice. The study showed as well that the adding of (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> pyroniobates to the (1- x )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - x NaNbO<sub>3</sub> system above 2.5 % significantly reduces the density of the produced ceramics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Система (1- x )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - x NaNbO<sub>3 </sub>является одной из наиболее изучаемых среди бессвинцовых керамик, перспективных для потенциального использования в пьезоэлектрической технике и замены свинецсодержащих элементов в подобных устройствах. Но, несмотря на множество работ, направленных на решение этой проблемы, на данный момент не было получено бессвинцовых материалов, сопоставимых по свойствам со свинецсодержащими пьезокерамиками. Это обусловлено различными технологическими трудностями создания твердых растворов (ТР) на основе бессвинцовых композиций, такими как летучесть щелочных компонентов, сильнейшая зависимость наблюдаемых свойств от условий получения (термодинамической предыстории). Одним из приемов, используемых для повышения технологичности, стабильности ТР, а также для улучшения их электрофизических свойств, является модифицирование. Работа посвящена исследованию влияния добавок пирониобатов кальция и стронция на структуру и свойства системы (1- x )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - x NaNbO<sub>3</sub>. Оптимизированы условия синтеза и спекания для каждого ТР систем (1- x-у )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - y NaNbO<sub>3</sub> - x (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. Проведен рентгенофазовый и рентгенографический анализ полученных объектов. Проанализированы зависимости параметров, объема ячейки и плотностей керамики от концентрации введенного компонента (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. Установлено, что увеличение содержания пирониобатов кальция и стронция 0≤ х ≤10 % приводит к возникновению в системах (1- x-у )KNbO<sub>3</sub> - y NaNbO<sub>3</sub> - x (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> нескольких фазовых переходов, обусловленных перестройкой структуры. В целом симметрия вышеуказанных систем изменяется по-разному. Легирование пирониобатом стронция приводит к тетрагональному искажению структуры, а пирониобатом кальция - к формированию кубической кристаллической решетки. Также показано, что введение в систему (1- x) KNbO<sub>3</sub> - х NaNbO<sub>3</sub> пирониобатов (Sr/Са)<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> выше 2,5 % значительно снижает плотность полученных керамик.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>(1-x)KNbO<sub>3</sub> - xNaNbO<sub>3</sub></kwd><kwd>functional materials</kwd><kwd>solid solutions</kwd><kwd>environmentally-friendly materials</kwd><kwd>solid-phase synthesis</kwd><kwd>phase formation</kwd><kwd>ceramics sintering</kwd><kwd>cell symmetry</kwd><kwd>phase transition</kwd><kwd>ceramics density</kwd><kwd>piezoelectric properties</kwd><kwd>(1-x)KNbO<sub>3</sub> - xNaNbO<sub>3</sub></kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональные материалы</kwd><kwd>твердые растворы</kwd><kwd>экологически безопасные материалы</kwd><kwd>твердофазный синтез</kwd><kwd>фазообразование</kwd><kwd>спекание керамики</kwd><kwd>симметрия ячейки</kwd><kwd>фазовый переход</kwd><kwd>плотность керамики</kwd><kwd>пьезоэлектрические свойства</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Jing R., Jin L., Tian Y., Huang Y., Lan Y., Xu J., Hu Q., Du H., Wei X., Guo D., Gao J., Gao F. 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