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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">570</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2022-3-2-99-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The structure and mechanical properties of the AK12D (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) aluminum alloy subjected to friction stir processing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структура и механические свойства алюминиевого сплава АК12Д, подвергнутого обработке трением с перемешиванием</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-8469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalikova</surname><given-names>Gulnara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халикова</surname><given-names>Гульнара Рашитовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), senior researcher, assistant professor of Chair “Technological Machines and Equipment”, assistant professor of Chair “Technology of Metals in Oil-and-Gas Engineering”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, доцент кафедры «Технологические машины и оборудование», доцент кафедры «Технология металлов в нефтегазовом машиностроении»</p></bio><email>gulnara.r.khalikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakirova</surname><given-names>Gulnaz R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закирова</surname><given-names>Гульназ Рафаеловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student of Chair “Technological Machines and Equipment”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант кафедры «Технологические машины и оборудование»</p></bio><email>gulnazzakirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Farkhutdinov</surname><given-names>Artur I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фархутдинов</surname><given-names>Артур Ильдарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student of Chair “Technology of Metals in Oil-and-Gas Engineering”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант кафедры «Технология металлов в нефтегазовом машиностроении»</p></bio><email>artur98f@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-4849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korznikova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корзникова</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Science (Physics and Mathematics), leading researcher, Head of the Research Laboratory “Metals and Alloys under the Extreme Conditions”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией «Металлы и сплавы при экстремальных воздействиях» </p></bio><email>elena.a.korznikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-1355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonov</surname><given-names>Vadim G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонов</surname><given-names>Вадим Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), leading researcher, assistant professor of Chair “Technology of Metals in Oil-and-Gas Engineering” </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент кафедры «Технология металлов в нефтегазовом машиностроении»</p></bio><email>vadimt@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the RAS, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем сверхпластичности металлов РАН, Уфа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, Уфа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет, Уфа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><issue>3-2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/570">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/570</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The application of friction stir processing (FSP) to modify the structure of the Al–Si alloys, in particular the fragmentation of large silicon particles, can lead to an increase in the level of mechanical properties. This work is aimed to study features of local surface hardening of AK12D aluminum alloy (Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg system) during FSP and subsequent T6 hardening heat treatment. The authors investigated the influence of FSP and subsequent heat treatment parameters on the structure, microhardness, and hardness of the AK12D alloy. FSP was carried out at speeds of processing tool rotation and traverse of 2000 rpm and 8, 16 mm/min, respectively. The subsequent hardening T6 heat treatment was carried out according to the standard regime for the AK12D alloy. The paper shows that the FSP mode at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm and a traverse speed of 8 mm/min contributed to the formation of a monolithic and defect-free treatment zone. The study revealed that the formed microstructure is heterogeneous due to the influence of various thermomechanical effects. The most intense structural changes occurred in the stir zone. Friction stir processing and subsequent heat treatment led to fragmentation and partial dissolution of intermetallide particles in the α-Al solid solution followed by its decomposition and formation of secondary hardening phases. Moreover, the FSP and T6 heat treatment led to the formation of quasi-equiaxed fine-grained structure. The AK12D alloy microhardness after treatment under the study varied nonmonotonically and depended on the structure in different zones. At the same time, the Brinell hardness values after FSP and subsequent T6 heat treatment increased compared to the initial heat-treated state.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Применение обработки трением с перемешиванием (ОТП) для модифицирования структуры сплавов системы Al–Si, в частности фрагментации крупных частиц кремния, может приводить к повышению уровня механических свойств. Данная работа направлена на локальное поверхностное упрочнение алюминиевого сплава АК12Д (система Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg) при ОТП и последующей упрочняющей термической обработке Т6. Исследовано влияние параметров ОТП и последующей термообработки на структуру, микротвердость и твердость сплава АК12Д. ОТП проводили при скоростях вращения и подаче обрабатывающего инструмента 2000 об/мин и 8, 16 мм/мин соответственно. Последующую упрочняющую термообработку Т6 проводили по стандартному режиму для сплава АК12Д. В работе показано, что обработка трением с перемешиванием при скорости вращения 2000 об/мин и скорости подачи 8 мм/мин способствовала формированию монолитной и бездефектной зоны обработки. Исследование показало, что формируемая микроструктура неоднородна из-за влияния различных термомеханических эффектов. Наиболее интенсивно структурные изменения протекали в зоне перемешивания. Обработка трением с перемешиванием и последующая термообработка привели к фрагментации первичных фаз и частичному растворению интерметаллидных частиц в α-Al твердом растворе с последующим его распадом и образованием вторичных фаз. Кроме того, ОТП и последующая термообработка T6 привела к формированию мелкозернистой структуры, близкой к равноосной. Значения микротвердости сплава АК12Д после исследуемой обработки изменялись немонотонно и зависели от структуры в различных зонах. При этом значения твердости по Бринеллю после ОТП и последующей термообработки увеличивались по сравнению с исходным термообработанным состоянием.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>friction stir processing</kwd><kwd>heat treatment</kwd><kwd>AK12D</kwd><kwd>Al–Si alloy</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обработка трением с перемешиванием</kwd><kwd>термическая обработка</kwd><kwd>АК12Д</kwd><kwd>сплав Al–Si</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The investigation on the selection of friction stir processing modes, macrostructural investigations, and hardness measurements were funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-29-01318. Microstructural investigations using the scanning electron microscope and microhardness measurements were carried out on the equipment of the Collaborative Access Center “Structural and Physical and Mechanical Research of Materials” of IMSP RAS and supported within the fundamental research program and state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. E.A. Korznikova expresses gratitude to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for financial support within the state assignment to the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “USATU” (agreement No. 075-03-2022-318/1) “Youth Research Laboratory of the REC “Metals and Alloys under the Extreme Conditions”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование по подбору режимов обработки трением с перемешиванием, макроструктурные исследования и измерения твердости выполнены за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-29-01318. Микроструктурные исследования на сканирующем электронном микроскопе и измерения микротвердости выполнены на оборудовании Центра коллективного пользования «Структурные и физико-механические исследования материалов» ИПСМ РАН и поддержаны в рамках программы фундаментальных исследований и государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ. Е.А. Корзникова благодарит за финансовую поддержку Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ в рамках государственного задания ФГБОУ ВО «УГАТУ» (соглашение № 075-03-2022-318/1) «Молодежная научно-исследовательская лаборатория НОЦ "Металлы и сплавы при экстремальных воздействиях"».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidarzadeh A., Mironov S., Kaibyshev R., Çam G., Simar A., Gerlich A., Khodabakhshi F., Mostafaei A., Field D.P., Robson J.D., Deschamps A., Withers P.J. 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