Frontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & Technologies2782-40392782-6074Togliatti State University26310.18323/2782-4039-2022-1-31-39ArticlesСтатьиThe influence of friction stir welding conditions on thermal stability of АА6061 alloyВлияние режима сварки трением с перемешиванием на термическую стабильность сплава АД33https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-0542KalinenkoAleksandr A.КалиненкоАлександр Андреевич
Russian Federation

postgraduate student

аспирант

kalinenko@bsu.edu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-1518MironovSergey Yu.МироновСергей Юрьевич
Russian Federation

Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), leading researcher

доктор физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

mironov@bsu.edu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-5535VysotskiyIgor V.ВысоцкийИгорь Васильевич
Russian Federation

PhD (Engineering), junior researcher

кандидат технических наук, младший научный сотрудник

visotsky@bsu.edu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-3723MalopheyevSergey S.МалофеевСергей Сергеевич
Russian Federation

PhD (Engineering), researcher

кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник

malofeev@bsu.edu.ruBelgorod State National Research University, BelgorodБелгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, Белгород31032022131392707202131032022https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/263

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an innovative technology for the solid-phase joining of metal materials. It allows producing permanent joints of materials conventionally considered to be nonweldable, in particular aluminum alloys. However, an essential drawback of FSW is the relatively low stability of the stir zone microstructure. In particular, during post-weld heat treatment, seams frequently demonstrate abnormal grain growth. Such an undesirable phenomenon is often interpreted in terms of the so-called Humphrey’s cellular model, according to which the abnormal behavior is attributed to the essential microstructure refinement and the dissolution of the second-phase particles occurring during FSW. Since these two processes significantly depend on the temperature, the authors suggested that the thermal stability of the produced FSW seams should also be associated with the FSW heat conditions. To test this hypothesis, the authors obtained two welded seams at different FSW conditions and then studied their microstructural behavior during T6 mode thermal treatment (involving solution heat treatment followed by artificial aging). The authors used the advanced electron backscatter diffraction technique (EBSD) to investigate microstructure. In full accordance with the initial idea, the investigation showed that microstructural evolution in both studied microstructure states varied wildly. Specifically, the study identified that the reduction in the FSW temperature causes the suppression of abnormal grain growth. The authors suggested that the enhanced thermal stability of the material is associated with the conservation of the second-phase particles during the low-temperature FSW.

Сварка трением с перемешиванием (СТП) представляет собой инновационную технологию твердофазного соединения металлических материалов. Она позволяет получать неразъемные соединения материалов, традиционно считающихся несвариваемыми, в частности алюминиевых сплавов. К сожалению, существенным недостатком СТП является относительно низкая термическая стабильность микроструктуры сварных соединений. В частности, в ходе послесварочной термической обработки швов в них нередко наблюдается аномальный рост зерен. Этот нежелательный феномен обычно трактуется в рамках так называемой «ячеистой» теории Хамфри, в соответствии с которой аномальное поведение связано с существенным измельчением микроструктуры, а также растворением частиц вторичных фаз, которые обычно имеют место в ходе СТП. Поскольку оба этих процесса существенно зависят от температуры, было сделано предположение, что термическая стабильность СТП-швов также должна быть связана с термическим режимом СТП. Для проверки этой гипотезы было получено два сварных соединения при различных термических условиях, а затем исследовано их микроструктурное поведение в ходе термической обработки по режиму T6 (включавшей в себя обработку на твердый раствор и последующее искусственное старение). Для проведения микроструктурных исследований был привлечен передовой метод ориентационной микроскопии (так называемый EBSD-анализ). В полном соответствии с исходным предположением было показано, что эволюция микроструктуры в двух исследованных микроструктурных состояниях существенно различается. В частности, установлено, что снижение температуры СТП способствует подавлению аномального роста зерен. Выдвинуто предположение, что повышенная термическая стабильность материала связана с сохранением частиц вторичных фаз при низкотемпературной СТП.

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