<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">211</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2073-5073-2017-3-24-34</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technical Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технические науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF MECHANICAL ALLOYING OF ALUMINUM BY NANO-DIMENSIONAL ALLOTROPIC MODIFICATIONS OF CARBON</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕГИРОВАНИЯ АЛЮМИНИЯ НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫМИ АЛЛОТРОПНЫМИ МОДИФИКАЦИЯМИ УГЛЕРОДА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetkasov</surname><given-names>Nikolay Ivanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веткасов</surname><given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), professor of Chair “Mechanical engineering technology”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры<bold> </bold>«Технология машиностроения»</p></bio><email>nppwt@ulstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustin</surname><given-names>Anatoliy Ivanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустин</surname><given-names>Анатолий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией</p></bio><email>antak1949@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapunov</surname><given-names>Valeriy Viktorovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапунов</surname><given-names>Валерий Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), assistant professor of Chair “Mechanical engineering technology”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры<bold> </bold>«Технология машиностроения»</p></bio><email>sapunov_vv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ульяновский государственный технический университет, Ульяновск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/211">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/211</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The technology of synthesis of dispersed-hardened composites is based on the use of the process of mechanical alloying (MA) of powder materials. Mechanical alloying allows creating the active states in a matrix material solid body that are the centers of physical and chemical interaction between the phases of the powder compositions components. The paper gives the overview of Russian and foreign publications dealing with the study of the MA process of aluminum powder with various forms of carbon. The authors developed the basic MA technology of PAD-1 aluminum matrix powder with K 354 technical carbon. The processes of aluminum powder MA with graphite and CNTs, both in the part of the developed MA regimes and in the part of providing high physical and mechanical characteristics of synthesized composite pellets being a semi-finished product for producing composite materials (CM), were studied. The authors determined the main stages of formation of aluminum-based powder compositions in the process of MA of aluminum powder with allotropic carbon modifications. The paper shows the results of the analysis of phased change (phased evolution) of the morphology of the processed powder mixtures of a matrix material and an alloying additive during the formation of composite pellets with the required physical and mechanical parameters.</p><p>The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the composite pellets alloyed with K 354 technical carbon and GL-1 graphite at different stages of their formation and processing showing the achievement of the required transformation of their internal structure and phase composition are presented.</p><p>The authors analyzed special aspects of the process of mechanical alloying of PAD-1 aluminum powder with the TUBALL single-wall carbon nanotubes and justified the necessity of searching for methods and technologies of preliminary (just before the MA process) homogenization of the PAD1-TUBALL processed mixture.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В основу технологии синтеза дисперсно-упрочненных композитов положено применение процесса механического легирования (МЛ) порошковых материалов. МЛ позволяет создавать активные состояния в твердом теле матричного материала, которые являются центрами физического и химического взаимодействия между фазами компонентов порошковых композиций. В статье приведен обзор отечественных и зарубежных публикаций, посвященных исследованию процесса МЛ алюминиевого порошка различными формами углерода. Разработана базовая технология МЛ матричного порошка алюминия марки ПАД-1 техническим углеродом марки К 354. Исследованы процессы МЛ порошка алюминия графитом и углеродными нанотрубками (УНТ), как в части разработанных режимов МЛ, так и в части обеспечения высоких физико-механических характеристик синтезируемых в процессе МЛ порошка алюминия композиционных гранул, являющихся полуфабрикатом для получения композиционных материалов (КМ). Определены основные стадии формирования порошковых композиций на основе алюминия в процессе МЛ алюминиевого порошка аллотропными модификациями углерода. Показаны результаты анализа поэтапного изменения морфологии (поэтапной эволюции) обрабатываемых порошковых смесей матричного материала и легирующей добавки в процессе формирования композиционных гранул с требуемыми физико-механическими параметрами.</p><p>Представлены результаты рентгенофазового анализа композиционных гранул, легированных техническим углеродом К 354 и графитом ГЛ-1, на разных стадиях их формирования и обработки, отражающие достижения требуемой трансформации их внутренней структуры и фазового состава.</p><p>Проанализированы особенности протекания процесса МЛ алюминиевого порошка марки ПАД-1 одностенными углеродными нанотрубками марки TUBALL. Обоснована необходимость поиска методов и технологий предварительной (непосредственно перед процессом МЛ) гомогенизации обрабатываемой смеси ПАД1-TUBALL.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>composite material</kwd><kwd>aluminum</kwd><kwd>amorphous carbon</kwd><kwd>graphite</kwd><kwd>carbon nanotubes</kwd><kwd>mechanical alloying</kwd><kwd>composite pellets</kwd><kwd>coherent scattering area</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>композиционный материал</kwd><kwd>алюминий</kwd><kwd>аморфный углерод</kwd><kwd>графит</kwd><kwd>углеродные нанотрубки</kwd><kwd>механическое легирование</kwd><kwd>композиционные гранулы</kwd><kwd>область когерентного рассеивания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект 16-43-732150 р_офи_м).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostovan F., Matori K.A., Toozandehjani M., Oskoueian A., Yusoff H.M., Yunus R., Ariff A.M., Quah H.J., Lim W.F. Effects of CNTs content and milling time on mechanical behavior of MWCNT-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2015, vol. 166, pp. 160–166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostovan F., Matori K.A., Toozandehjani M., Oskoueian A., Yusoff H.M., Yunus R., Ariff A.M., Quah H.J., Lim W.F. Effects of CNTs content and milling time on mechanical behavior of MWCNT-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites // Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2015. Vol. 166. P. 160–166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anantha Prasad M.G., Bandekar N. Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum/Garnet/Carbon Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) Fabricated by Chill Casting Method. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 2015, vol. 03, no. 03, pp. 3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anantha Prasad M.G., Bandekar N. Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum/Garnet/Carbon Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) Fabricated by Chill Casting Method // Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering. 2015. Vol. 03. № 03. P. 3–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Susniak M., Karwan-Baczewska J., Dutkiewicz J., Actis Grande M., Rosso M. An experimental study of aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced sic made by hot pressing method. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2015, vol. 60, pp. 1523–1527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Susniak M., Karwan-Baczewska J., Dutkiewicz J., Actis Grande M., Rosso M. An experimental study of aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced sic made by hot pressing method // Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 2015. Vol. 60. P. 1523–1527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayanan S.S., Manickavasaham G., Moorthy S. Experimental Investigation of Aluminium alloy with MWCNT Composite to increase the technical Properties by Stir Casting Method. IOSRl Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2015, vol. 12, ver. II, pp. 30–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayanan S.S., Manickavasaham G., Moorthy S. Experimental Investigation of Aluminium alloy with MWCNT Composite to increase the technical Properties by Stir Casting Method // IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 2015. Vol. 12. Ver. II. P. 30–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalunov E.P., Shvedov M.A., Arkhipov I.V. Synthesis of dispersoides at the reactionary mechanical alloying of powder aluminium carbon. Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2014, no. 2, pp. 165–172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шалунов Е.П., Шведов М.А., Архипов И.В. Синтез дисперсоидов при реакционном механическом легировании порошкового алюминия углеродом // Вестник Чувашского университета. 2014. № 2. С. 165–172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradbury C.R., Gomon J.K., Kollo L., Kwon H., Leparoux M. Hardness of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, vol. 585, pp. 362–367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradbury C.R., Gomon J.K., Kollo L., Kwon H., Leparoux M. Hardness of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes reinforced aluminium matrix composites // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2014. Vol. 585. P. 362–367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng T., Chang I. Mechanical alloying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum composite powder. Powder Technology, 2014, vol. 266, pp. 7–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng T., Chang I. Mechanical alloying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum composite powder // Powder Technology. 2014. Vol. 266. P. 7–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunakov N.A., Golovanov V.N., Kozlov D.V., Potapov S.N., Klimov E.S. Obtaining a composite material of aluminum and carbon nanotubes by powder metallurgy method. Fiziko-matematicheskie metody i informatsionnye tekhnologii v estestvoznanii, tekhnike i gumanitarnykh naukakh: sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo e-simpoziuma. Kirov, MTsNIP Publ., 2015, pp. 25–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бунаков Н.А., Голованов В.Н., Козлов Д.В., Потапов С.Н., Климов Е.С. Получение композитного материала из алюминия с углеродными нанотрубками методами порошковой металлургии // Физико-математические методы и информационные технологии в естествознании, технике и гуманитарных науках: сборник материалов международного научного e-симпозиума. Киров: МЦНИП, 2015. C. 25–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tipikina I.I., Kuzmich Yu.V., Kotov S.A., Kolesnikova I.G., Ganin S.V. Microstresses in mechanically doped AL-15 mas.% (NI-LN) alloy. Problemy ratsionalnogo ispolzovaniya prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo syrya barents-regiona v tekhnologii stroitelnykh i tekhnicheskikh materialov: materialy V Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Apatity, Kolskiy nauchnyy tsentr RAN Publ., 2013, pp. 169–170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Типикина И.И., Кузьмич Ю.В., Котов С.А., Колесникова И.Г., Ганин С.В. Микронапряжения в механически легированном сплаве AL-15 мас. % (NI-LN) // Проблемы рационального использования природного и техногенного сырья баренц-региона в технологии строительных и технических материалов: материалы V Всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием. Апатиты: Кольский научный центр РАН, 2013. С. 169–170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raviathul B.M. Srivastava V.C., Mukhopadhyay N.K. Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum alloy composites produced by ball milling. Materials &amp; Design, 2014, vol. 64, pp. 542–549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raviathul B.M., Srivastava V.C., Mukhopadhyay N.K. Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum alloy composites produced by ball milling // Materials &amp; Design. 2014. Vol. 64. P. 542–549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karalin A.N., Shalunov E.P., Petrov N.P. Bulk nanostructured aluminum-based material for orthopedics and traumatology. Zdravookhranenie Chuvashii, 2009, no. 3, pp. 8–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каралин А.Н., Шалунов Е.П., Петров Н.П. Объемный наноструктурный материал на основе алюминия для ортопедии и травматологии // Здравоохранение Чувашии. 2009. № 3. С. 8–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmich Yu.V., Kolesnikova I.G., Serba V.I., Freydin B.M. Mekhanicheskoe legirovanie [Mechanical alloying]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005. 213 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмич Ю.В., Колесникова И.Г., Серба В.И., Фрейдин Б.М. Механическое легирование. М.: Наука, 2005. 213 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu X., Zhao Y.G., Wu M., Wang H.Y., Jiang Q.C. Effect of Initial Aluminum Alloy Particle Size on the Damage of Carbon Nanotubes during Ball Milling. Materials, 2016, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 3–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu X., Zhao Y.G., Wu M., Wang H.Y., Jiang Q.C. Effect of Initial Aluminum Alloy Particle Size on the Damage of Carbon Nanotubes during Ball Milling // Materials. 2016. Vol. 9. № 3. P. 3–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi H., Shin J., Min B., Park J., Bae D. Reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes in structural aluminum matrix nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Research, 2011, vol. 24, pp. 2610–2616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi H., Shin J., Min B., Park J., Bae D. Reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes in structural aluminum matrix nanocomposites // Journal of Materials Research. 2011. Vol. 24. P. 2610–2616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang C., Zong Y., Zheng Z. Shan D. Experimental and theoretical investigation on the compressive behavior of aluminum borate whisker reinforced 2024Al composites. Materials Characterization, 2014, vol. 96, pp. 84–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang C., Zong Y., Zheng Z., Shan D. Experimental and theoretical investigation on the compressive behavior of aluminum borate whisker reinforced 2024Al composites // Materials Characterization. 2014. Vol. 96. P. 84–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassan M.T.Z., Esawi A.M.K., Metwalli S. Effect of carbon nanotube damage on the mechanical properties of aluminum-carbon nanotube composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, vol. 607, pp. 215–222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassan M.T.Z., Esawi A.M.K., Metwalli S. Effect of carbon nanotube damage on the mechanical properties of aluminum-carbon nanotube composites // Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2014. Vol. 607. P. 215–222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoo S.J., Han S.H., Kim W.J. Strength and strain hardening of aluminum matrix composites with randomly dispersed nanometer-length fragmented carbon nanotubes. Scr. Mater, 2013, vol. 68, pp. 711–714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoo S.J., Han S.H., Kim W.J. Strength and strain hardening of aluminum matrix composites with randomly dispersed nanometer-length fragmented carbon nanotubes // Scr. Mater. 2013. Vol. 68. P. 711–714.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L., Choi H., Myoung J.M., Lee W. Mechanical alloying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminium powders for the preparation of carbon/metal composites. Carbon, 2009, vol. 47, pp. 3427–3433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Choi H., Myoung J.M., Lee W. Mechanical alloying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminium powders for the preparation of carbon/metal composites // Carbon. 2009. Vol. 47. P. 3427–3433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ci L., Ryu Z., Jin P.N.Y., Rühle M. Investigation of the interfacial reaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminum. Acta. Mater, 2006, vol. 54, pp. 5367–5375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ci L., Ryu Z., Jin P.N.Y., Rühle M. Investigation of the interfacial reaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminum // Acta. Mater. 2006. Vol. 54. P. 5367–5375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nayan N., Murty S.V.S.N., Sharma S.C., Kumar K.S., Sinha P.P. Calorimetric study on mechanically milled aluminum and multiwall carbon nanotube composites. Materials Characterization, 2011, vol. 62, pp. 1087–1093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nayan N., Murty S.V.S.N., Sharma S.C., Kumar K.S., Sinha P.P. Calorimetric study on mechanically milled aluminum and multiwall carbon nanotube composites // Materials Characterization. 2011. Vol. 62. P. 1087–1093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukovecz A., Kanyo T., Konya Z., Kiricsi I. Long-time low-impact ballmilling ofmulti-wall carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 2005, vol. 43, pp. 994–1000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kukovecz A., Kanyo T., Konya Z., Kiricsi I. Long-time low-impact ballmilling ofmulti-wall carbon nanotubes // Carbon. 2005. Vol. 43. P. 994–1000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tucho W.M., Mauroy H., Walmsley J.C., Deledda S., Holmestad R., Hauback B.C. The effects of ball milling intensity on morphology of multiwall carbon nanotubes. Scr. Mater, 2010, vol. 63, pp. 637–640.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tucho W.M., Mauroy H., Walmsley J.C., Deledda S., Holmestad R., Hauback B.C. The effects of ball milling intensity on morphology of multiwall carbon nanotubes // Scr. Mater. 2010. Vol. 63. P. 637–640.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nam H.R., Kim Y.J., Yang S.S., Ahn J.H. Ball-Milling of Graphite and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2014, vol. 14, pp. 9103–9107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nam H.R., Kim Y.J., Yang S.S., Ahn J.H. Ball-Milling of Graphite and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes // Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2014. Vol. 14. P. 9103–9107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yagodkin Yu.D., Dobatkin S.V. Application of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis for determination of nano-crystal’ materials structure elements sizes (Review). Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov, 2007, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 38–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ягодкин Ю.Д., Добаткин С.В. Применение электронной микроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа для определения размеров структурных элементов в нанокристаллических материалах (обзор) // Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. 2007. Т. 73. № 1. C. 38–49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushcharovskiy D.Yu. Rentgenografiya mineralov [Mineral radiography]. Moscow, Geoinformmak Publ., 2000. 293 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пущаровский Д.Ю. Рентгенография минералов. М.: Геоинформмак, 2000. 293 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev A.I. Nanomaterialy, nanostruktury, nanotekhnologi [Nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanotech-nologies]. Moscow, Nauka-Fizmatlit Publ., 2007. 416 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев А.И. Наноматериалы, наноструктуры, нанотехнологии. М.: Наука–Физматлит, 2007. 416 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev A.I., Kurlov A.S. Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials by the Size of Particles (Grains). Metallofizika i noveyshie tekhnologiii, 2008, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 679–694.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев А.И., Курлов А.С. Аттестация нанокристаллических материалов по размеру частиц (зерен) // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. 2008. Т. 30. № 5. С. 679–694.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vetkasov N.I., Kapustin A.I., Sapunov V.V. Experimental study of the process of mechanical alloying of aluminum with technical carbon. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie aspekty razvitiya nauchnoy mysli v sovremennom mire: sbornik statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. Ufa, AETERNA Publ., 2017, pp. 18–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веткасов Н.И., Капустин А.И., Сапунов В.В. Экспериментальное исследование процесса механического легирования алюминия техническим углеродом // Теоретические и практические аспекты развития научной мысли в современном мире: сборник статей Международной научно-практической конференции. В 4 ч. Ч. 2. Уфа: АЭТЕРНА, 2017. С. 18–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmich Yu.V., Freydin B.M., Kolesnikova I.G., Serba V.I., Kalinnikov V.T., Pakhomovskiy Ya.A. Mechanically doped Al-Ni-Ln alloy. Perspektivnye materialy, 2008, no. 1, pp. 39–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмич Ю.В., Фрейдин Б.М., Колесникова И.Г., Серба В.И., Калинников В.Т., Пахомовский Я.А. Механически легированный сплав Al-Ni-Ln // Перспективные материалы. 2008. № 1. C. 39–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawk J.A., Franck R.E., Wilsdorf H.G.F. Yield Stress as Determined from Hardness Measurements for Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum Base Alloys. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1988, vol. 19A, pp. 2363–2366.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawk J.A., Franck R.E., Wilsdorf H.G.F. Yield Stress as Determined from Hardness Measurements for Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum Base Alloys // Metallurgical Transactions A. 1988. Vol. 19A. P. 2363–2366.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vol A.E. Stroenie i svoystva dvoynykh metallicheskikh system [Structure and Properties of Binary Metal Systems]. Moscow, Fizmatgiz Publ., 1955. 755 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вол А.Е. Строение и свойства двойных металлических систем. М.: Физматгиз, 1955. 755 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mondolfo L.F. Struktura i svoystva alyuminievykh splavov [Aluminium Alloys: Structure and Properties]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1979. 639 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мондольфо Л.Ф. Структура и свойства алюминиевых сплавов. M.: Металлургия, 1979. 639 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
