<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2073-5073-2019-3-69-76</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">PRODUCTION OF NANOCOMPOSITE WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO ELECTROCHROMIC FILMS BY THE METHOD OF SPRAY-PYROLYSIS ON GLASS ITO SUBSTRATES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ НАНОКОМПОЗИТНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНЫХ ПЛЕНОК WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO МЕТОДОМ СПРЕЙ-ПИРОЛИЗА НА СТЕКЛЯННЫХ ПОДЛОЖКАХ ITO</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щегольков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexxx5000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щегольков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Energynano@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tambov State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тамбовский государственный технический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-02-24"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/19">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/19</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern materials science is developing towards the creation of functional materials with adjustable properties and parameters. The materials with electrically controlled optical properties, so-called electrochromic films, take the special place in the hierarchy of materials with adjustable parameters. The electrochromic films become widely used when creating a new generation of devices, both in various fields of electronics and in the field of renewable energy. From the practical point of view, one of the possible ways of improving technical characteristics of electrochromic films is their modification by carbon nanomaterials, in particular, by graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The use of GO and rGO as a modifier for the electrochromic materials is caused by some unique features, namely: low sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, chemical inertness, high specific surface area, the ability to change the charge state, and the increased electrical conductivity of rGO. To produce the electrochromic films, the authors used the spray-pyrolysis method. This method allows for obtaining the electrochromic films based on nanoscale tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) modified by rGO. The authors studied the electrochemical characteristics of electrochromic films and the influence of rGO on the performance of the electrochromic films. The WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO electrochromic films were reversibly colored in violet at the voltage of -2.1 V, as well as increased light transmission coefficient at the positive voltage of +2 V. During the research, the authors studied spectral properties of the produced nanocomposite WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO electrochromic films at various values of electrical potential and evaluated their stable cycling within the range of voltage from -0.7 to 1 V for the three-electrode system. The study identified that the controllable activation of WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO electrochromic films related to the increase in light transmission is in the voltage range from -1.6 V to -2.2 V, and the inverse effect is peculiar for the range from 0 to +2 V.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современное материаловедение развивается в направлении создания функциональных материалов с регулируемыми свойствами и параметрами. Особое место занимают материалы с электроуправляемыми оптическими свойствами, так называемые электрохромные пленки. Электрохромные пленки могут найти широкое применение при создании нового поколения устройств как в различных сферах электроники, так и в области возобновляемой энергетики. Одним из возможных направлений улучшения технических характеристик электрохромных пленок с практической точки зрения является их модификация углеродными наноматериалами, в частности оксидом графена (GO) и восстановленным оксидом графена (rGO). Использование GO и rGO в качестве модификатора для электрохромных материалов обусловлено рядом уникальных особенностей, а именно низкой чувствительностью к воздействию ультрафиолетового излучения, химической инертностью, высокой удельной площадью поверхности, возможностью изменения зарядового состояния, а также повышенной электропроводимостью rGO. Для получения электрохромных пленок использован метод спрей-пиролиза. Он позволяет получать композитные электрохромные пленки на основе наноразмерного триоксида вольфрама (WO<sub>3</sub>), модифицированного rGO. Были исследованы электрохимические характеристики, а также изучено влияние rGO на эффективность работы электрохромных пленок. Электрохромные пленки WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO обратимо окрашивались в фиолетовый цвет при напряжении -2,1 В, а также обладали эффектом повышения коэффициента светопропускания при положительном напряжении, равном +2 В. В процессе исследования были изучены спектральные свойства полученных нанокомпозитных электохромных пленок WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO при различных значениях электрического потенциала, а также проведена оценка их стабильного циклирования в диапазоне напряжений от -0,7 до 1 В для трехэлектродной системы измерения потенциала. Было установлено, что управляемая активация электрохромных пленок WO<sub>3</sub>/rGO, связанная с эффектом увеличения светопоглощения, находится в диапазоне напряжений от -1,6 до -2,2 В, а обратный эффект свойствен диапазону от 0 до +2 В.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>graphene oxide</kwd><kwd>electrochromic films</kwd><kwd>tungsten trioxide</kwd><kwd>optical spectroscopy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оксид графена</kwd><kwd>электрохромные пленки</kwd><kwd>триоксид вольфрама</kwd><kwd>оптическая спектроскопия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Granqvist C.G. Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1995. 633 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Monk P.M.S., Mortimer R.J., Rosseinsky D.R. Electrochromism and electrochromic devices. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 483 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Lampert C.M. Large-area smart glass and integrated photovoltaics // Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2003. Vol. 76. № 4. P. 489-499.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ge C., Wang M., Hussain S., Xu Z., Liu G., Qiao G. Electron transport and electrochromic properties of sol-gel WO3 thin films: Effect of crystallinity // Thin solid Films. 2018. Vol. 653. P. 199-125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang G., Lu K., Zhang X., Yuan W., Shi M., Ning H., Tao R., Liu X., Yao R., Peng J. Effects of Annealing Temperature on Optical Films Gap of Sol-gel Tungsten Trioxide Films // Micromachines. 2018. Vol. 9. № 8. P. 377-386.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Wang W., Peelaers H., Shen J.-X., Walle C.G. Carrier-induced absorption as a mechanism for electrochromism in tungsten trioxide // MRS Communications. 2018. Vol. 8. № 3. P. 926-931.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Louloudakis D., Thongpan W., Mouratis K., Koudoumas E., Kiriakidis G., Singiai P. Novel Spark Method for Deposition of Metal Oxide Thin Films: Deposition o Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide // Physica Status Solidi A. 2019. Vol. 216. № 7. P. 513-519.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Buch R.V., Rawal S.K., Chawla A.K. Structual, Optical and Electrochromic Properties of Sputter Deposited Tungsten Oxide Films in Argon-Helium Atmosphere // European Journal of Scientific Research. 2018. Vol. 148. № 2. P. 249-257.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Hincheeranum W., Chananonnawathorn C., Horprathum M., Eiamchai P., Limwichean S., Pattansetakul V., Aimpanakit K. Omnidirectional antireflection and electrochromic properties of WO3 nanorods prepared by oblique angle deposition // AIP Conference Proceedings. 2010. P. 6423-6429.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Li Y., McMaster W.A., Wei H., Chen D., Caruso R.A. Enhanced Electrochromic Properties of WO3 Nanotree-like Structures Synthesized via a Two-Step Solvothermal Process showing Promise for Electrochromic window Application // ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2018. Vol. 1. № 6. P. 2552-2558.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Buch V.R., Chawla A.K., Rawal S.K. Review on electrochromic property for WO3 thin films using different deposition techniques // Materials today: Proceedings. 2016. Vol. 3. № 6. P. 1429-1437.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ren Y., Zhou X., Wang Q., Zhao G. Combined redox and plasmonic electrochromic effects in WO3/ITO double-layer films // Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 2018. Vol. 85. № 3. P. 732-742.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Klisch M.12-tungstosilicic acid (12-TSA) as a tungsten precursor in alcoholic solution for deposition of xWO3_1 - x_SiO2 thin films (x&lt;0.7) exhibiting electrochromic coloration ability // Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. 1998. Vol. 12. № 1. P. 21-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Li D., Wu G., Gao G., Shen J., Huang F.-Q. Ultrafast coloring-bleaching performance of nanoporous WO3-SiO2 gasochromic films doped with Pd catalyst // ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2011. Vol. 3. № 12. P. 4573-4579.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Saygin-Hinczewski D., Hinczewski M., Sorar I., Tepehan F.Z., Tepehan G.G. Modeling the optical properties of WO3 and WO3-SiO2 thin films // Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2008. Vol. 92. № 8. P. 821-829.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Xu X.Q., Shen H., Xiong X.Y. Gasochromic effect of solgel WO3-SiO2 films with evaporated platinum catalyst // Thin Solid Films. 2002. Vol. 415. № 1-2. P. 290-295.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Jellison G.E., Modine F.A. Parametrization of the optical functions ofamorphous materials in the interband region // Applied Physics Letters. 1996. Vol. 69. № 3. P. 371-373.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Naseri N., Azimirad R., Akhavan O., Moshfegh A.Z. The effect of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide concentration on surface properties of dip-coated hydrophilic WO3-SiO2 thin films // Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2007. Vol. 40. № 7. P. 2089-2095.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Yoo S.J., Lim J.W., Sung Y.-E., Jung Y.H., Choi H.G., Kim D.K. Fast switchable electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide nanowire bundles // Applied Physics Letters. 2007. Vol. 90. № 17. P. 173126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Khalifa Z., Aly M., Abound A.A. Effects of annealing on structural, optical and electrical properties of WO3 films deposited by Sol-gel Tecnique // International Research Journal of Nanomaterials. 2013. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 1-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Hočevar M., Bogati S., Georg A., Opara U., Krašovec A. Photoactive layer in photochromic glazing // Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2017. Vol. 171. P. 85-90.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
