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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">154</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2073-5073-2021-3-57-66</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Characteristics of a gradient material based on Ni-Cr stainless steel and H20N80 alloy produced by electron-beam 3D-printing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности градиентного материала на основе нержавеющей хромоникелевой стали и сплава Х20Н80, изготовленного методом электронно-лучевой 3D-печати</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-484X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskvina</surname><given-names>Valentina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москвина</surname><given-names>Валентина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, postgraduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, аспирант</p></bio><email>valya_moskvina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-6055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>Евгений Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-7198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagibalova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загибалова</surname><given-names>Елена Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer, student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер, студент</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk (Russia)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Томск (Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk (Russia)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет, Томск (Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/154">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/154</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main problem of additively manufactured chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels is the formation of a two-phase γ-austenite/δ-ferrite dendritic microstructure, which complicates their use and distinguishes them from cast single-phase analogs. The reasons for the formation of a two-phase structure are nonequilibrium solidification conditions, complex thermal history, and melt depletion by austenite-forming elements (nickel and manganese). Therefore, additional nickel alloying under the additive manufacturing of steels can stabilize the austenitic structure in them. In this work, the authors used electron-beam additive production with simultaneous feeding of two wires from austenitic stainless steel Fe-18.2Cr-9.5Ni-1.1Mn-0.7Ti-0.5Si-0.08C wt.% (SS, Cr18Ni10Ti) and alloy 77.7Ni-19.6Cr-1.8Si-0.5Fe-0.4Zr wt.% (Ni-Cr alloy, Cr20Ni80) to obtain two gradient billets. The authors used two wire-feeding strategies (the first one is four layers of SS/one layer of Cr20Ni80; the second one is one layer of SS/one layer of a mixture 80 % SS + 20 % Cr20Ni80). The study identified that the Ni-Cr alloying in the process of electron-beam additive production of SS billets suppressed δ-ferrite formation and contributes to the stabilization of the austenite phase. The deposition of Ni-Cr alloy next to the four layers of SS leads to inhomogeneity of the structure and chemical composition in the billet, low plasticity, and premature failure of these specimens during tensile tests. The sequential alternation of pure SS layers with those of a mixture of wires (80 % SS + 20 % Cr20Ni80) promotes the uniform mixing of two wires components and the formation of a more homogeneous structure in the gradient billet, which leads to an increase in the ductility of the specimens during mechanical tests.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Основная проблема аддитивно изготовленных хромоникелевых аустенитных нержавеющих сталей, затрудняющая их использование и отличающая их от литых однофазных аналогов, – формирование двухфазной γ-аустенит/δ-феррит дендритной микроструктуры. Причинами формирования двухфазной структуры являются неравновесные условия кристаллизации, сложная термическая история и обеднение расплава по аустенитообразующим элементам (никелю и марганцу). Поэтому дополнительное легирование никелем при аддитивном производстве сталей может стабилизировать аустенитную структуру в заготовке. В работе с использованием электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства с одновременной подачей двух проволок из аустенитной нержавеющей стали Fe-18,2Cr-9,5Ni-1,1Mn-0,7Ti-0,5Si-0,08C масс. % (АНС 08Х18Н10Т) и сплава 77,7Ni-19,6Cr-1,8Si-0,5Fe-0,4Zr масс. % (нихром, Х20Н80) были получены две градиентные заготовки с использованием различных стратегий подачи проволоки (первая стратегия – 4 слоя АНС/1 слой Х20Н80; вторая стратегия – 1 слой АНС/1 слой из смеси 80 % АНС + 20 % сплава Х20Н80). Установлено, что добавление нихрома в процессе электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства АНС 08Х18Н10Т подавляет образование в ней δ-феррита и способствует стабилизации аустенитной фазы за счет легирования никелем. Добавление нихрома через последовательно нанесенные 4 слоя АНС приводит к неоднородности структуры и химического состава в заготовке, низкой пластичности и преждевременному разрушению образцов при испытаниях на одноосное растяжение. Последовательное чередование слоев из АНС и из смеси проволок АНС + сплав Х20Н80 способствует равномерному перемешиванию компонент двух проволок и формированию более однородной структуры в градиентной заготовке, что приводит к увеличению пластичности образцов без преждевременного разрушения при механических испытаниях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>additive technologies</kwd><kwd>stainless steel</kwd><kwd>Ni-Cr alloy</kwd><kwd>gradient material</kwd><kwd>uniaxial tension</kwd><kwd>scanning electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>plastic deformation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>нержавеющая сталь</kwd><kwd>нихром</kwd><kwd>градиентный материал</kwd><kwd>одноосное растяжение</kwd><kwd>сканирующая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>пластическая деформация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the state assignment of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science (ISPMS) of SB RAS, topic No. FWRW-2019-0030. The research was conducted on the equipment of the Core Facility Center “Nanotech” of ISPMS SB RAS. The authors express their gratitude to the Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics) E.G. Astafurova, PhDs (Physics and Mathematics) S.V. Astafurov, V.E. Rubtsov, S.Yu. Nikonov, M.Yu. Panchenko, and K.A. Reunova for their help in conducting experimental works and useful discussions</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИФПМ СО РАН, тема № FWRW-2019-0030. Исследования выполнены на оборудовании ЦКП «Нанотех» ИФПМ СО РАН. Авторы благодарны доктору физико-математических наук Е.Г. Астафуровой, кандидатам физико-математических наук С.В. Астафурову, В.Е. Рубцову, С.Ю. Никонову, М.Ю. Панченко и К.А. 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