Frontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & Technologies2782-40392782-6074Togliatti State University14210.18323/2073-5073-2021-2-47-56ArticlesСтатьиThe application of acoustic emission method for ultrasonic fatigue testing monitoringПрименение метода акустической эмиссии для мониторинга ультразвуковых усталостных испытанийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-9930SeleznevMikhail N.СелезневМихаил Николаевич
Germany

PhD (Physics and Mathematics), the researcher of the Institute of Materials Engineering

кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник института материаловедения

mikhail.seleznev@iwt.tu-freiberg.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-2801VinogradovAleksey Yu.ВиноградовАлексей Юрьевич
Norway

PhD (Physics and Mathematics), Professor of the Department of Engineering Design and Materials

кандидат физико-математических наук, профессор факультета механической и промышленной инженерии

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg (Germany)Технический университет «Фрайбергская горная академия», Фрайберг (Германия)Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway)Норвежский университет науки и технологии, Тронхейм (Норвегия)30062021247563006202130062021https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/142

The ultrasonic fatigue testing (USFT) is an effective method for rapid determination of the fatigue properties of structural materials under high cycle (≥106 cycles) loading. However, the occurrence and accumulation of fatigue damage with this test method remain uncertain due to the limitations of the existing measurement methods. Currently used monitoring methods allow detecting the fatigue cracks, but only in the late stages of failure. Despite the superior sensitivity to localized processes in materials, the use of the acoustic emission (AE) method in ultrasonic testing is extremely difficult due to the presence of resonant noise. This work aimed to suppress resonant noise and extract the signal for early detection of fatigue damage. The authors tested the samples of the AlSi9Cu3 aluminum alloy under the asymmetric cyclic loading (R=0.1) at a resonant frequency of 19.5 kHz with a non-threshold AE registration. The fracture surfaces were analyzed by electron and optical microscopy. The authors processed AE by two different methods: (1) the digital filtering method consisted of detecting resonant noise and removing it from the spectrum; (2) the φ-function method consisted of differentiating the spectrogram by time. The processed spectrograms were integrated by the frequency with further extraction of the AE events using the threshold method. The digital filtering method revealed a correlation between AE signals and fatigue damage, whereas the undamaged control sample showed no signals. The φ-function technique demonstrated ambiguous results, showing high AE activity on the control sample.

Ультразвуковые усталостные испытания (УЗУИ) являются эффективным методом для быстрого определения усталостных свойств конструкционных материалов при высокоцикловых (≥106 циклов) нагрузках. Однако процесс возникновения и накопления усталостных повреждений при этом способе испытаний остается неопределенным из-за ограничений существующих методов измерения. Используемые в настоящее время методы мониторинга усталостных испытаний позволяют детектировать усталостные трещины, однако лишь на поздних стадиях разрушения. Несмотря на рекордную чувствительность, использование метода акустической эмиссии (АЭ) при УЗУИ крайне затруднено наличием резонансных шумов. Задачей данной работы являлось подавление резонансных шумов и выделение полезного сигнала с целью раннего выявления усталостных повреждений. Образцы алюминиевого сплава AlSi9Cu3 были испытаны циклически при acимметричном нагружении (R=0,1) на резонансной частоте 19,5 кГц с беспороговой регистрацией АЭ. Поверхности разрушения были проанализированы с помощью электронной и оптической микроскопии. АЭ обрабатывалась двумя различными методами: (1) метод цифровой фильтрации заключался в детектировании резонансных шумов и удалении их из спектра; (2) метод φ-функции заключался в дифференцировании спектрограммы по времени. Обработанные спектрограммы интегрировались по частоте, и события АЭ извлекались из полученных мощностей сигналов пороговым методом. Метод цифровой фильтрации выявил корреляцию сигналов АЭ с усталостным разрушением, тогда как контрольный образец без усталостных повреждений показал нулевое количество сигналов. Метод φ-функции продемонстрировал неоднозначные результаты, показав высокую активность АЭ на контрольном образце. 

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