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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1255</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2026-3-77-4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structure of hydroxyapatite coatings produced by electrodeposition on stainless steel and titanium nickelide substrates</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структура покрытий гидроксиапатита, полученных методом электроосаждения на подложках из нержавеющей стали и никелида титана</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-1180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanik</surname><given-names>Vasili V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубаник</surname><given-names>Василий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor,Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,Head of the Department – Head of the Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор технических наук, профессор,член-корреспондент НАН Беларуси,заведующий отделом – заведующий лабораторией</p></bio><email>v.v.rubanik@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2632-5464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bahrets</surname><given-names>Dzmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багрец</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>bagurets@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozzharov</surname><given-names>Sergey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозжаров</surname><given-names>Сергей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>lkm_ita@vitebsk.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9792-5613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ngo</surname><given-names>Thi Anh Tuyet</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нго</surname><given-names>Тхи Ань Тует</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>tuyetnta@ims.vast.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Technical Acoustics of the NAS of Belarus</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт технической акустики НАН Беларуси</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Material Science of Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт материаловедения ВАНТ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Rubanik V.V., Bahrets D.A., Mozzharov S.E., Ngo T.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Рубаник В.В., Багрец Д.А., Мозжаров С.Е., Нго Т.Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rubanik V.V., Bahrets D.A., Mozzharov S.E., Ngo T.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рубаник В.В., Багрец Д.А., Мозжаров С.Е., Нго Т.Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1255">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1255</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Problem. Hydroxyapatite (HA, chemical formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is widely used as a biocompatible andbioactive ceramic due to its structural and chemical similarity to the main mineral component of human hard tissues.A disadvantage of hydroxyapatite is its low mechanical properties (strength, crack resistance, and impact resistance),which undoubtedly limits its use as a structural material but not as a bioactive coating on metal implant surfaces.Electrodeposition is one of the most promising methods for forming bioactive calcium-phosphate coatings on metalimplants due to the ability to control the composition, structure, and thickness of the coating at low process temperatures.Aim. The aim of this work is to identify patterns in the formation of the composition and structure of hydroxyapatite coatings produced by electrodeposition on 12X18H10T stainless steel and titanium nickelide substrates, and to optimizethe deposition modes. Methods. The influence of electrolyte parameters (Ca2+ and PO43ion concentration, pH, H2O2and NaOH additives), temperature (23–85 °C), potential and deposition time on the stoichiometry, crystallinity, textureand crystallite size of HA coatings was studied using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), andIR-spectroscopy. Results. It was shown that the brushite phase (CaHPO4·2H2O) is formed at room temperature regardlessof the electrolyte composition. Increasing the temperature to 65 °C or higher, when combined with optimization of pH(4.1–6.0) and potential (−1.7…−3.4 V), allows the synthesis of coatings with a composition close to stoichiometrichydroxyapatite. The regimes ensuring the production of single-phase, highly-crystalline HA coatings with a texture coefficient of up to 2.6, which corresponds to the structure most conducive to osseointegration, were experimentally determined.Conclusions. The best coating characteristics (high crystallinity CI=9.1, crystallite size along the c-axis ~70 nm, c/aratio=0.730) were achieved for the sample synthesized at T=75 °C, pH=5.0, and U=−1.7 V.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проблема. Гидроксиапатит (ГА) с химической формулой Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 широко востребован в качествебиосовместимой и биоактивной керамики благодаря своему структурному и химическому сходству с основным минеральным компонентом твердых тканей человека. Недостатком гидроксиапатита являются низкие механические свойства (прочность, трещиностойкость и стойкость к ударным нагрузкам), что, безусловно, ограничивает его применениев качестве конструкционного материала, но не в качестве биоактивного покрытия на поверхности металлических имплантатов. Метод электроосаждения является одним из наиболее перспективных способов формирования биоактивныхкальций-фосфатных покрытий на металлических имплантатах благодаря возможности контроля состава, структурыи толщины покрытия при низких температурах процесса. Цель. Выявление закономерностей формирования составаи структуры покрытий гидроксиапатита, полученных методом электроосаждения на подложках из нержавеющей стали12Х18Н10Т и никелида титана, и оптимизация режимов осаждения. Методы. Методами рентгенофлуоресцентного(РФА), рентгеноструктурного анализа (РСА), сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) и ИК-спектроскопии изучено влияние параметров электролита (концентрация ионов Ca2+ и PO43−, pH, добавки H2O2 и NaOH), температуры (23–85 °C), потенциала и времени осаждения на стехиометрию, кристалличность, текстуру и размер кристаллитов покрытийГА. Результаты. Показано, что при комнатной температуре независимо от состава электролита формируется фаза брушита (CaHPO4·2H2O). Повышение температуры до 65 °C и выше в сочетании с оптимизацией pH (4,1–6,0) и потенциала(−1,7…−3,4 В) позволяет синтезировать покрытия, близкие по составу к стехиометрическому гидроксиапатиту. Экспериментально определены режимы, обеспечивающие получение однофазных высококристаллических ГА-покрытийс игольчатой морфологией и коэффициентом текстуры до 2,6, что соответствует структуре, в наибольшей степени способствующей остеоинтеграции. Выводы. Наилучшие характеристики покрытия (высокая кристалличность CI = 9,1,размер кристаллитов вдоль оси c ~70 нм, соотношение c/a=0,730) достигнуты для образца, синтезированного при T = 75 °C, pH = 5,0 и U = −1,7 В. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydroxyapatite</kwd><kwd>calcium phosphate coatings</kwd><kwd>electrodeposition</kwd><kwd>X-ray diffraction analysis</kwd><kwd>crystallinity</kwd><kwd>texture</kwd><kwd>biocompatibility</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидроксиапатит</kwd><kwd>кальций-фосфатные покрытия</kwd><kwd>электроосаждение</kwd><kwd>рентгеноструктурный анализ</kwd><kwd>кристалличность</kwd><kwd>текстура</kwd><kwd>биосовместимость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (project No. T25B-013) and the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (project No. QTBY01.06/25-26).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Белорусского республиканского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № Т25В-013) и Вьетнамской академии наук и технологий (проект № QTBY01.06/25-26).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kareem R.O., Bulut N., Kaygili O. 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