Frontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & Technologies2782-40392782-6074Togliatti State University123310.18323/2782-4039-2026-2-76-3ArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleInfluence of high-heat input friction stir processing on the structure and mechanical properties of an advanced creep -resistant steelВлияние высокотемпературной фрикционной перемешивающей обработки на структуру и механические свойства перспективной теплотехнической сталиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-0542KalinenkoAleksandr A.КалиненкоАлександр Андреевич
Russian Federation

PhD (Physics and Mathematics),junior researcher of the Laboratory of Mechanical Propertiesof Nanostructured Materials and Superalloys

кандидат физико-математических наук,младший научный сотрудник лаборатории механических свойств наноструктурных и жаропрочных материалов

kalinenko@bsuedu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-9857NikitinIvan S.НикитинИван Сергеевич
Russian Federation

junior researcher of the laboratory of mechanical propertiesof nanostructured materials and superalloys

кандидат технических наук,младший научный сотрудниклаборатории механических свойств наноструктурных и жаропрочных материалов

nikitin_i@bsuedu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-7453MishnevRoman V.МишневРоман Владимирович
Russian Federation

PhD (Engineering),senior researcher of the laboratory of mechanical propertiesof nanostructured materials and superalloys

кандидат технических наук,старший научный сотрудниклаборатории механических свойств наноструктурных и жаропрочных материалов

mishnev@bsuedu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-3723MalopheyevSergey S.МалофеевСергей Сергеевич
Russian Federation

PhD (Engineering),senior researcher of the laboratory of mechanical propertiesof nanostructured materials and superalloys

кандидат технических наук,старший научный сотрудниклаборатории механических свойств наноструктурных и жаропрочных материалов

malofeev@bsuedu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-1518MironovSergey Yu.МироновСергей Юрьевич
Russian Federation

Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics),leading researcher of the laboratory of mechanical propertiesof nanostructured materials and superalloys

доктор физико-математических наук,ведущий научный сотрудниклаборатории механических свойств наноструктурных и жаропрочных материалов

s-72@mail.ruBelgorod State National Research UniversityБелгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет300620262Frontier Materials & TechnologiesFrontier Materials & Technologies33443006202630062026Copyright ©; 2026, Kalinenko A.A., Nikitin I.S., Mishnev R.V., Malopheyev S.S., Mironov S.Y.Copyright ©; 2026, Калиненко А.А., Никитин И.С., Мишнев Р.В., Малофеев С.С., Миронов С.Ю.2026Kalinenko A.A., Nikitin I.S., Mishnev R.V., Malopheyev S.S., Mironov S.Y.Калиненко А.А., Никитин И.С., Мишнев Р.В., Малофеев С.С., Миронов С.Ю.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1233

Abstract: Problem. Despite the uniquely high long-term rupture creep of 114 MPa at temperature of 650 °C for 100,000 hours of the new advanced creep -resistant 10Kh10K3V2MFBR steel, its practical application is limited by the lack of technologies for producing high-quality permanent joints. Traditional fusion welding technologies lead to degradation of mechanical properties due to hydrogen embrittlement, formation of -ferrite, and porosity. Objective. To determine experimentally the main aspects of microstructure formation (phase composition, phase morphology, martensite crystallography) and mechanical properties (hardness and strength) of 10Kh10K3V2MFBR steel after friction stir processing (FSP) with high heat input, as well as to establish the reasons for hardening in the stir zone and softening in the heat-affected zone, in order to assess the suitability of this steel for friction stir welding. Methods. Plates of 10Kh10K3V2MFBR steel 3.2 mm thick after normalization at 1060 °C and tempering at 770 °C were subjected to FSP using the parameters of 800 rpm – 5 mm/min. Optical metallography, SEM, EDS, and EBSD methods were used to reveal the mechanisms of microstructure formation in the stir zone (SZ) after FSP. Results. The possibility of producing a material with a fully martensitic structure in the processing zone and a minimal softening effect in the heat-affected zone after FSP was established. It was found that FSP with the parameters of 800 rpm – 5 mm/min leads to heating of the material in the stir zone above the Ас3 temperature (>985 °C). The extreme thermomechanical conditions of FSP contributed to the refinement of the prior austenite grains from 35 to 10 μm. The formation of a fine-grained martensitic microstructure, as well as mechanical alloying with wear products in the stir zone, contributed to an increase in microhardness from 230 to 420 HV in the center of the stir zone and to ≈760 HV on the advancing side of the stir zone. After FSP, the yield strength decreased by 55 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength decreased by 30 MPa, and the percentage elongation decreased by 6 %. Conclusions. High-temperature FSP of 10Kh10K3V2MFBR steel ensures the formation of a martensitic microstructure but is accompanied by intensive wear of the hard alloy tool and a reduction in tool service life.

Аннотация: Проблема. Несмотря на уникально высокий предел длительной прочности, равный 114 МПа при температуре 650 °С на базе 100 000 ч новой перспективой теплотехнической стали 10Х10К3В2МФБР, её практическое применение ограничено отсутствием технологий получения качественных неразъемных соединений. Традиционные технологии сварки плавлением ведут к деградации механических характеристик вследствие водородного охрупчивания, образования -феррита и пористости. Цель. Экспериментально определить основные аспекты формирования микроструктуры (фазовый состав, морфология фаз, кристаллография мартенсита) и механических свойств (твердость и прочность) стали 10Х10К3В2МФБР после фрикционной перемешивающей обработки (ФПО) с высоким тепловложением, а также установить причины упрочнения в зоне перемешивания и разупрочнения в зоне термического влияния для оценки пригодности этой стали для фрикционной перемешивающей сварки. Методы. Пластины стали 10Х10К3В2МФБР толщиной 3,2 мм после нормализации с 1060 °С и отпуска при 770 °С подвергались ФПО по режиму 800 об/мин – 5 мм/мин. Методами оптической металлографии, СЭМ, ЭДС, EBSD были выявлены механизмы формирования микроструктуры в ЗП после ФПО. Результаты. Установлена возможность получения материала с полностью мартенситной структурой в зоне обработки и минимальным эффектом разупрочнения в зоне термического влияния после ФПО. Определено, что ФПО при параметрах 800 об/мин – 5 мм/мин приводит к разогреву материала в ЗП выше точки Ас3 (>985 °С). Экстремальные термомеханические условия ФПО способствовали измельчению исходных аустенитных зерен с 35 до 10 мкм. Формирование мелкодисперсной мартенситной микроструктуры, а также механическое легирование продуктами износа в ЗП, способствовали повышению микротвёрдости с 230 до 420 HV в центре ЗП и до ≈760 HV на стороне набегания ЗП. После ФПО предел текучести уменьшается на 55 МПа, предел прочности – на 30 МПа, а относительное удлинение уменьшается на 6 %. Выводы. Высокотемпературная ФПО стали 10Х10К3В2МФБР обеспечивает получение мартенситной микроструктуры, но сопровождается интенсивным износом рабочего инструмента из твердого сплава и снижением срока эксплуатации инструмента.

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