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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1186</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2026-1-75-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of heat treatment modes on the structure and mechanical properties of wrought VTI-4 alloy based on orthorhombic titanium aluminide</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние режимов термической обработки на структуру и механические свойства кованого сплава на основе орторомбического алюминида титана ВТИ-4</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-2765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovsky</surname><given-names>Vitaly S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>Виталий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering),researcher at the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,научный сотрудник, лаборатории Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>sokolovskiy@bsuedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-8861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>Stanislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Станислав Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher at the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM),assistant professor of Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,старший научный сотрудник лаборатории Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>NaumovStanislav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-1268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), Associate Professor,senior researcher at the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM),assistant professor of Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,старший научный сотрудник, лаборатории Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>dimmak-panov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3621-3966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukianov</surname><given-names>Vasily V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>Василий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering),Head of the Complex-Shape Forming Department.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,начальник отдела сложнопрофильного формообразования.</p></bio><email>lukianovv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-3525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salishchev</surname><given-names>Gennady A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салищев</surname><given-names>Геннадий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor,Head of the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM),professor of Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор,заведующий лабораторией Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>salishchev_g@bsuedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific and Production Association “Technopark of Aviation Technologies”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-производственная ассоциация «Технопарк Авиационных Технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Sokolovsky V.S., Naumov S.V., Panov D.O., Lukianov V.V., Salishchev G.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Соколовский В.С., Наумов С.В., Панов Д.О., Лукьянов В.В., Салищев Г.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolovsky V.S., Naumov S.V., Panov D.O., Lukianov V.V., Salishchev G.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколовский В.С., Наумов С.В., Панов Д.О., Лукьянов В.В., Салищев Г.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1186">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1186</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Problem.</bold> Currently, in the field of research on alloys based on orthorhombic Ti <sub>2</sub>AlNb aluminide, there are no data on the relationship between heat treatment modes, structural parameters, and mechanical characteristics to ensure a balance of strength and ductility. <bold>Aim.</bold> To establish the relationship between heat treatment modes, microstructural characteristics (O-phase sizes, α<sub>2</sub>-phase volume fraction) and mechanical characteristics at room temperature, as well as to determine the heat treatment mode that provides the best balance of strength and ductility for the VTI-4 alloy. <bold>Methods.</bold> In this work, the method of isothermal multidirectional forging was applied to form a fine-grained globular structure in order to improve the ductility characteristics of the alloy. Subsequent two –stage heat treatment was carried out in the α<sub>2</sub>+β+O-phase region. Mechanical characteristics were determined by tensile testing. <bold>Results.</bold> The influence of quenching and aging temperature on the size and volume fraction of α<sub>2</sub> and O-phase particles was investigated. The choice of heat treatment modes aimed at forming a structure that ensures high strength and ductility properties of the VTI-4 alloy is substantiated. It was established that when heating for quenching to T=900 °C, O-phase precipitates are retained at triple junctions along β-grain boundaries; during subsequent aging, O-phase particles and interlayers are formed, the thickness of which increases with rising temperature, leading to a decrease in strength and ductility. It was also established that heating for quenching from the upper part of the α<sub>2</sub>+β+O-phase region (T=960 °C) preserves the globular microstructure, leading to the dissolution of O-phase particles and, accordingly, saturating the β-phase with alloying elements. Increasing the quenching temperature also reduces the volume fraction of α<sub>2</sub>-phase particles and prevents the formation of O-phase interlayers along β-grain boundaries during aging in the temperature range of 760–800 °C. <bold>Conclusions.</bold> The study of the influence of aging temperature in the range of 760–840 °C revealed that the lower the temperature, the smaller the thickness of O-phase particles, the higher the strength, and the lower the ductility. The optimal heat treatment mode was determined: quenching at T=960 °C for τ=2 h and aging at T=800 °C for τ=6 h. After such heat treatment, the wrought VTI-4 alloy demonstrates high strength and ductility (σ<sub>0.2</sub>=1180 MPa, σ<sub>в</sub>=1300 MPa, δ=6.2 %).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> В настоящее время в области исследования сплавов на основе орторомбического алюминида Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb отсутствуют данные о связи режимов термической обработки, структурных параметров и механических характеристик для обеспечения баланса прочности и пластичности. <bold>Цель.</bold> Установлении связи между режимами термической обработки, микроструктурными характеристиками (размеры O-фазы, объемная доля α<sub>2</sub>-фазы) и механическими характеристиками при комнатной температуре, а также определение режима термообработки, обеспечивающего наилучший баланс прочности и пластичности для сплава ВТИ-4. <bold>Методы.</bold> В работе был применен метод всесторонней изотермической ковки для формирования мелкозернистой глобулярной структуры с целью повышения пластических характеристик сплава. Последующую двухступенчатую термообработку проводили в α<sub>2</sub>+β+O-фазовой области. Механические характеристики определены при испытаниях на растяжение. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Исследовано влияние температуры закалки и старения на размер и объемную долю частиц α<sub>2</sub> и О-фаз. Обоснован выбор режимов термической обработки, направленный на формирование структуры, обеспечивающий высокие прочностные и пластические свойства сплава ВТИ-4. Установлено, что при нагреве под закалку до T=900 °C сохраняются выделения О-фазы в тройных стыках по границам β-зерен; при последующем старении формируются частицы и прослойки О-фазы, толщина которых увеличивается с ростом температуры, что приводит к снижению прочности и пластичности. Установлено также, что нагрев под закалку из верхней части α<sub>2</sub>+β+O-фазовой области (Т=960 °С) сохраняет глобулярную микроструктуру, приводя к растворению частиц O-фазы и, соответственно, насыщая легирующими элементами β-фазу. Повышение температуры закалки также снижает объемную долю частиц α<sub>2</sub>-фазы и предотвращает формирование прослоек О-фазы по границам β-зерен при старении в интервале температур 760–800 °С. <bold>Выводы.</bold> Исследование влияния температуры старения в интервале 760–840 °С позволило установить, что чем ниже температура, тем меньше толщина частиц О-фазы, выше прочность и меньше пластичность. Определен оптимальный режим термической обработки: закалка Т=960 °С, t=2 ч и старение Т=800 °С, t=6 ч. После такой термической обработки кованный сплав ВТИ-4 демонстрирует высокую прочность и пластичность (σ<sub>0,2</sub>=1180 МПа, σ<sub>в</sub>=1300 МПа, δ=6,2 %).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>orthorhombic titanium aluminide Ti2NbAl</kwd><kwd>VTI-4 alloy</kwd><kwd>isothermal multidirectional forging</kwd><kwd>quenching</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>орторомбический алюминид титана Ti2NbAl</kwd><kwd>сплав ВТИ-4</kwd><kwd>всесторонняя изотермическая ковка</kwd><kwd>закалка</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (agreement No. 19-79- 30066) using the equipment of the Common Use Center “Technologies and Materials” of the National Research University “BelSU”, https://rscf.ru/prjcard_int?19-79-30066. The paper was written on the reports of the participants of the XII International School of Physical Materials Science (SPM-2025), Togliatti, September 15–19, 2025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (соглашение № 19-79-30066) с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования «Технологии и материалы» НИУ «БелГУ», https://rscf.ru/prjcard_int?19-79-30066. Статья подготовлена по материалам докладов участников XII Международной школы «Физическое материаловедение» (ШФМ-2025), Тольятти, 15–19 сентября 2025 года.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee D. The intermetallic Ti2AlNb. Progress in Materials Science, 1997, vol. 42, no. 1-4, pp. 135–158. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6425(97)00012-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee D. 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