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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1183</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2026-1-75-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints of orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy VTI-4</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структура и механические свойства сварных соединений из орторомбического алюминида титана ВТИ-4, полученных электронно-лучевой сваркой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-8861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>Stanislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Станислав Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering),senior researcher at the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM),assistant professor of Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,старший научный сотрудник лаборатории Объемных наноструктурных материалов (ОНМ),доцент кафедры Материаловедения и Нанотехнологий (МиН)</p></bio><email>NaumovStanislav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-1268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor,senior researcher at the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM),assistant professor of Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,старший научный сотрудник, лаборатории Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>dimmak-panov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-2765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolovsky</surname><given-names>Vitaly S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколовский</surname><given-names>Виталий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering),researcher at the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,научный сотрудник, лаборатории Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>sokolovskiy@bsuedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-3525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salishchev</surname><given-names>Gennady A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салищев</surname><given-names>Геннадий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor,Head of the Laboratory of Bulk Nanostructured Materials (BNM),professor of Chair of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (MSN).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор,заведующий лабораторией Объемных наноструктурных материалов. </p></bio><email>salishchev_g@bsuedu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazunin</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазунин</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Chief Welder.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель главного сварщика.</p></bio><email>serega.maz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5565-6449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>Alexey Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>Алексей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Welding Engineering Bureau</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник технического бюро сварки.</p></bio><email>shilovalex90@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5462-0908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belinin</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белинин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering),assistant professor of Chair of Welding, Metrology, and Materials Engineering.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,доцент кафедры Сварочное производство, метрология и технология материалов.</p></bio><email>5ly87@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3621-3966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukianov</surname><given-names>Vasily V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>Василий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering),Head of the Complex-Shape Forming Department.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук,начальник отдела сложнопрофильного формообразования.</p></bio><email>ukianovv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Proton-PM JSC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Протон-ПМ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm National Research Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific and Production Association “Technopark of Aviation Technologies”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-производственная ассоциация «Технопарк Авиационных Технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Naumov S.V., Panov D.O., Sokolovsky V.S., Salishchev G.A., Mazunin S.A., Shilov A.Y., Belinin D.S., Lukianov V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Наумов С.В., Панов Д.О., Соколовский В.С., Салищев Г.А., Мазунин С.А., Шилов А.Ю., Белинин Д.С., Лукьянов В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumov S.V., Panov D.O., Sokolovsky V.S., Salishchev G.A., Mazunin S.A., Shilov A.Y., Belinin D.S., Lukianov V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наумов С.В., Панов Д.О., Соколовский В.С., Салищев Г.А., Мазунин С.А., Шилов А.Ю., Белинин Д.С., Лукьянов В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1183">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1183</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the present work, electron beam welding (EBW) was used to produce joints from the VTI-4 alloy based on orthorhombic titanium aluminide (Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb), which is a promising material for the aerospace industry. A pulsed EBW mode for butt-welding of 2 mm thick plates of this alloy was proposed, ensuring the formation of a high-quality welded joint. The welding parameters were as follows: welding speed 0.5–1.0 m/min, welding current 15–20 mA, focusing current 500–550 mA, and pulse frequency 25 Hz, with the beam focused on the surface of the workpieces. The phase composition, as well as the grain size and dimensions of the weld zones, were determined using scanning electron microscopy methods. The fusion zone (FZ) consists of the β-phase, while the heat-affected zone (HAZ) can be divided into HAZ1, consisting of β+α2 phases, and HAZ2, comprising β+α2+O phases. In the HAZ1 region, the globular α2-phase is partially retained, since higher heating temperatures are required to complete the α2→β transformation. Furthermore, it was determined that the level of strength properties of the produced welded joints corresponds to ≈90 % of the base metal strength. A comparative analysis of the dendrite size and globular β-grains in the weld, as well as the strength and ductility of joints produced by various fusion welding methods, showed that the EBW joints have a 2–3 times smaller grain size in the fusion zone and the HAZ of the weld. This feature positively affects the set of mechanical properties, where a high weld strength coefficient is achieved during EBW of the VTI-4 alloy, and the elongation at fracture corresponds to 2.8 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящей работе электронно-лучевой сваркой (ЭЛС) получены соединения из перспективного для авиакосмической отрасли сплава ВТИ-4 на основе орторомбического алюминида титана (Ti<sub>2</sub>AlNb). Предложен импульсный режим ЭЛС пластин толщиной 2 мм из данного сплава встык, обеспечивающий формирование качественного сварного соединения, а именно скорость сварки 0,5–1,0 м/мин, ток сварки 15–20 мА, ток фокусировки 500–550 мА, частота импульса 25 Гц, при этом фокусировка луча осуществлялась на поверхности свариваемых заготовок. Методами растровой электронной микроскопии определены фазовый состав, а также размер зерна и зон сварного шва. Зона плавления (ЗП) состоит из β-фазы, в то же время зону термического влияния (ЗТВ) можно разделить на ЗТВ1, состоящую из β+α2 фаз, и ЗТВ2, включающую β+α2+O фазы. В области ЗТВ1 глобулярная α2-фаза частично сохранилась, поскольку для завершения α2→β превращения требуются более высокие температуры нагрева. Кроме того, определено, что уровень прочностных свойств полученных сварных соединений соответствует ≈90 % от прочности основного металла. Сравнительный анализ размера дендритов и глобулярных β-зерен в сварном шве, а также прочности и пластичности соединений, полученных различными методами сварки плавлением, показал, что полученные ЭЛС соединения имеют в 2–3 раза меньший размер зерен в зоне плавления и ЗТВ сварного шва. Данная особенность положительно влияет и на комплекс механических свойств, где при ЭЛС сплава ВТИ-4 достигается высокий коэффициент прочности сварного шва, а относительное удлинение при этом соответствует 2,8 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electron beam welding</kwd><kwd>Ti2AlNb</kwd><kwd>VTI-4</kwd><kwd>weld</kwd><kwd>heat-affected zone</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>ductility</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронно-лучевая сварка</kwd><kwd>Ti2AlNb</kwd><kwd>ВТИ-4</kwd><kwd>сварной шов</kwd><kwd>зона термического влияния</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>пластичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Agreement No. 19-79- 30066) using the equipment of the Common Use Center “Technologies and Materials of the National Research University BelSU”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ (Соглашение № 19–79–30066) с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования «Технологии и Материалы НИУ БелГУ».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xi Chen, Zhao Zhang, Faqin Xie, Xiangging Wu, Tiejun Ma, Wenya Li, Dianjun Sun. 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