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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1149</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2025-4-74-9</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of niobium ion-beam treatment on the structure and residual stresses in the Ti35Ni35Cu15Zr15 alloy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние ионно-пучковых обработок ниобием на структуру и остаточные напряжения в сплаве Ti35Ni35Cu15Zr15</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6885-4470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuzhakova</surname><given-names>Sofya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Южакова</surname><given-names>Софья Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student, research assistant at the Laboratory of Materials Science of Coatings and Nanotechnologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории материаловедения покрытий и нанотехнологий</p></bio><email>sofayjakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-606X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapenko</surname><given-names>Marina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапенко</surname><given-names>Марина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Physics and Mathematics), researcher at the Laboratory of Materials Science of Coatings and Nanotechnologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории материаловедения покрытий и нанотехнологий</p></bio><email>ostapenkomarinag@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-5994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meisner</surname><given-names>Lyudmila L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мейснер</surname><given-names>Людмила Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, chief researcher at the Laboratory of Materials Science of Coatings and Nanotechnologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории материаловедения покрытий и нанотехнологий</p></bio><email>llm@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Yuzhakova S.I., Ostapenko M.G., Meisner L.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Южакова С.И., Остапенко М.Г., Мейснер Л.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuzhakova S.I., Ostapenko M.G., Meisner L.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Южакова С.И., Остапенко М.Г., Мейснер Л.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1149">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1149</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Simultaneous doping of TiNi alloy with copper and zirconium by substituting zirconium for titanium and copper for nickel while maintaining the quasi-binary (Ti<sub>35</sub>Zr<sub>15</sub>)(Ni<sub>35</sub>Cu<sub>15</sub>) composition enables the formation of two fundamentally different phase states – amorphous and crystalline – as a result of exposure of the material to low- and medium-energy ion beams. An amorphous layer synthesised from the same alloy on the surface of a medical implant made of a Ti–Ni–Cu–Zr alloy, not functional (stents, occluders), but structural (intervertebral discs, orthopedic braces), will allow protecting effectively the implant from the permanent effects of aggressive biological environments of any type (biological fluids, soft tissue, and bone). However, ion-beam modification of the Ti–Ni–Cu–Zr alloy surface can induce residual stresses that can change the properties of the original material. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, niobium ion treatment results in the formation of a layered structure with an amorphous-crystalline surface layer, a B2 matrix phase, and secondary (Ti,Zr)<sub>2</sub>(Ni,Cu) and TiZr phases. It was found that the B2 phase is a superposition of two phases, one of which, B2<sup>core</sup>, predominates in the deeper layers of the sample, while B2<sup>surf</sup>, conversely, is formed primarily in the surface layers. Analysis of the elastic stress state revealed that beneath the ion-modified surface layer, the B2<sup>surf</sup> phase is in a tensile state, while the B2<sup>core</sup> phase is in a compressed state, which indicates a complex interaction between the phases and the fact that the stresses in them can mutually compensate for each other. The obtained results are important for understanding the influence of ion implantation on the structure and properties of Ti<sub>35</sub>Ni<sub>35</sub>Cu<sub>15</sub>Zr<sub>15</sub> alloys and optimising processing modes for medical applications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>При одновременном легировании сплава TiNi медью и цирконием путем замещения цирконием титана, а медью – никеля с сохранением квазибинарной композиции (Ti<sub>35</sub>Zr<sub>15</sub>)(Ni<sub>35</sub>Cu<sub>15</sub>) возможно формирование двух принципиально разных фазовых состояний – аморфного и кристаллического в результате воздействия на материал потоков ионов низких и средних энергий. Аморфный слой на поверхности медицинского имплантата из Ti–Ni–Cu–Zr сплава не функционального (стенты, окклюдеры), а конструкционного типа (межпозвоночные диски, ортопедические скобы), синтезированный из этого же сплава, позволит эффективно защитить имплантат от перманентного воздействия агрессивной биосреды любого типа (биологические жидкости, мягкие и костные ткани). Однако модификация поверхности сплавов Ti–Ni–Cu–Zr пучками ионов может индуцировать остаточные напряжения, способные изменить свойства исходного материала. Согласно данным рентгеноструктурного анализа, обработка ионами ниобия приводит к формированию слоевой структуры с поверхностным аморфно-кристаллическим слоем, матричной фазой B2 и вторыми фазами (Ti,Zr)<sub>2</sub>(Ni,Cu) и TiZr. Установлено, что фаза В2 представляет собой суперпозицию двух фаз, одна из которых, B2<sup>core</sup>, преобладает в глубинных слоях образца, в то время как B2<sup>surf</sup>, наоборот, сформирована преимущественно в поверхностных слоях. Анализ упруго-напряженного состояния показал, что под поверхностным ионно-модифицированным слоем фаза В2<sup>surf</sup> находится в состоянии растяжения, а фаза В2<sup>core</sup> – в состоянии сжатия, что указывает на сложный характер взаимодействия фаз и то, что напряжения в них могут взаимно компенсировать друг друга. Полученные результаты важны для понимания влияния ионной имплантации на структуру и свойства сплавов Ti<sub>35</sub>Ni<sub>35</sub>Cu<sub>15</sub>Zr<sub>15 </sub>и оптимизации режимов обработки для медицинских применений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TiNi-based alloys</kwd><kwd>ion-beam surface modification</kwd><kwd>residual stresses</kwd><kwd>X-ray diffraction analysis</kwd><kwd>gradient structure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сплавы на основе TiNi</kwd><kwd>ионно-пучковая модификация поверхности</kwd><kwd>остаточные напряжения</kwd><kwd>рентгеноструктурный анализ</kwd><kwd>градиентная структура</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state assignment to ISPMS SB RAS (Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of RAS), project FWRW-2021-0003. The research was carried out using equipment of the Centre for Collective Use “Nanotech” of ISPMS SB RAS. The paper was written on the reports of the participants of the XII International School of Physical Materials Science (SPM-2025), Togliatti, September 15–19, 2025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания ИФПМ СО РАН, проект FWRW-2021-0003. Исследования выполнены с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Нанотех» ИФПМ СО РАН. Статья подготовлена по материалам докладов участников XII Международной школы «Физическое материаловедение» (ШФМ-2025), Тольятти, 15–19 сентября 2025 года.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brantley W.A. Evolution, clinical applications, and prospects of nickel-titanium alloys for orthodontic purposes. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists, 2020, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. S19–S26. 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