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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1143</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2025-4-74-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Determination of the phase composition of a carbon steel – austenitic stainless steel bimetallic joint based on magnetic properties</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение фазового состава биметаллического соединения «углеродистая сталь – аустенитная нержавеющая сталь» по магнитным свойствам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0858-5744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>Matvey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>Матвей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант</p></bio><email>lapin@imach.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-6476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mushnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мушников</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), Head of Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, заведующий лабораторией</p></bio><email>mushnikov@imach.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8301-5069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Povolotskaya</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поволоцкая</surname><given-names>Анна Моисеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>anna.povolotskaya.68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-9445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Наталья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>davydova@imacuran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-5213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goruleva</surname><given-names>Larisa S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горулева</surname><given-names>Лариса Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lead engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер</p></bio><email>sherlarisa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-2980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), Head of sector</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, заведующий сектором.</p></bio><email>natashasoboleva@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт машиноведения имени Э.С. Горкунова Уральского отделения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики металлов имени М.Н. Михеева Уральского отделения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Lapin M.V., Mushnikov A.N., Povolotskaya A.M., Davydova N.A., Goruleva L.S., Soboleva N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Лапин М.В., Мушников А.Н., Поволоцкая А.М., Давыдова Н.А., Горулева Л.С., Соболева Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapin M.V., Mushnikov A.N., Povolotskaya A.M., Davydova N.A., Goruleva L.S., Soboleva N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лапин М.В., Мушников А.Н., Поволоцкая А.М., Давыдова Н.А., Горулева Л.С., Соболева Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1143">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1143</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern industrial technologies place high demands on materials used in aggressive environments, high mechanical loads, and long-term service. One of the effective solutions to this problem is the creation of bimetallic joints that combine the advantages of dissimilar materials. In particular, the combination of carbon steels possessing high strength and availability with austenitic stainless steels characterized by high corrosion resistance and ductility allows producing composite materials with optimal performance characteristics. This paper examines a bimetallic material produced by arc surfacing of Er308LSi austenitic stainless steel wire on St3 carbon steel. The main objective was to determine the feasibility of using magnetic nondestructive testing methods to assess the phase composition of the bimetallic joint, including taking into account its possible changes after deformation. Metallographic and X-ray diffraction studies of the resulting material were conducted. Step-by-step plastic deformation tests were performed on samples cut from different parts of the resulting material. After each step of plastic deformation (in the unloaded state), magnetic hysteresis loops of the tested samples were measured. It was found that the use of existing approaches for estimating the martensite phase content based on magnetic properties is difficult. This is due to the complex structural and phase composition of the studied material manifested by the presence of a second peak of differential magnetic permeability for ferrite in St3 steel, the presence of ferrite in the upper deposited austenitic layers, and martensite in the first layer. The authors proposed a parameter based on the asymmetry of the difference in the field dependences of differential magnetic permeability. This parameter has a clear correlation with the magnitude of plastic deformation and, consequently, with the content of deformation martensite.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современные промышленные технологии предъявляют высокие требования к материалам, используемым в условиях агрессивных сред, повышенных механических нагрузок и длительной эксплуатации. Одним из эффективных решений данной задачи является создание биметаллических соединений, сочетающих преимущества разнородных материалов. В частности, комбинация углеродистых сталей, обладающих высокой прочностью и доступностью, с аустенитными нержавеющими сталями, характеризующимися высокой коррозионной стойкостью и пластичностью, позволяет получать композитные материалы с оптимальными эксплуатационными характеристиками. В работе рассмотрен биметаллический материал, полученный путем электродуговой наплавки аустенитной нержавеющей проволоки Er308LSi на углеродистую сталь Ст3. Основной задачей являлось определение возможности применения магнитных методов неразрушающего контроля для оценки фазового состава исследуемого биметалла, в том числе с учетом его возможного изменения после деформационного воздействия. Проведены металлографические и рентгеноструктурные исследования полученного материала. Выполнены испытания на ступенчатое пластическое деформирование образцов, вырезанных из разных частей полученного материала. После каждого шага пластической деформации (в разгруженном состоянии) измерены петли магнитного гистерезиса испытанных образцов. Установлено, что ввиду сложного структурно-фазового состава исследуемого материала, выражающегося в наличии второго пика дифференциальной магнитной проницаемости для феррита стали Ст3, присутствия феррита в верхних слоях аустенитной наплавки и мартенсита в первом слое, использование известных подходов для оценки содержания мартенситной фазы по магнитным свойствам затруднено. Предложен параметр, основанный на асимметрии разности полевых зависимостей дифференциальной магнитной проницаемости, имеющий однозначную взаимосвязь с величиной пластической деформации, а следовательно, и с содержанием мартенсита деформации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arc surfacing</kwd><kwd>bimetallic joint</kwd><kwd>magnetic testing methods</kwd><kwd>differential magnetic permeability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электродуговая наплавка</kwd><kwd>биметаллическое соединение</kwd><kwd>магнитные методы контроля</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная магнитная проницаемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research and Development Work No. 124020600045-0) and for M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. During the work, equipment of the Plastometria Collective Use Center of the Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was used. The paper was written on the reports of the participants of the XII International School of Physical Materials Science (SPM-2025), Togliatti, September 15–19, 2025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ИМАШ УрО РАН (№ НИОКТР 124020600045-0) и для ИФМ УрО РАН. При выполнении работы было использовано оборудование ЦКП «Пластометрия» при ИМАШ УрО РАН. 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