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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1117</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2025-3-73-10</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Strength of joints produced by ultrasonic spot welding of copper plates using tools with different tooth heights</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прочность соединений пластин меди, полученных точечной ультразвуковой сваркой инструментом с разной высотой зубцов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-9922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shayakhmetova</surname><given-names>Elvina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаяхметова</surname><given-names>Эльвина Рафитовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>elvinar@imsp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем сверхпластичности металлов РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Shayakhmetova E.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Шаяхметова Э.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shayakhmetova E.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаяхметова Э.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1117">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1117</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ultrasonic welding of metals is an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly technology that allows producing solid-state joints between thin blanks. The widespread use of this technology is hampered by the low strength of the resulting joints and the instability of their properties. One of the ways to improve strength characteristics is to develop a welding tool that ensures stable transmission of ultrasonic vibration energy to the joint zone. For this purpose, a relief with teeth or pyramids of different shapes and heights is applied to the surface of the welding tip and anvil. This paper presents data on the fracture load and fracture energy of lap joints produced by ultrasonic spot welding of copper plates using tools with a tooth height of 0.1 and 0.4 mm. Ultrasonic welding was carried out with a frequency of 20 kHz and a vibration amplitude of 18–20 μm, the welding duration was 2 and 3 s, the clamping force was 2.5 kN. The paper considers the features of the fracture of the produced joints and the distribution of normal strains in the weld spot, and results of calculation of stress intensity factors in its vicinity. It is shown that after ultrasonic welding for 3 s, the strength characteristics of the joints produced with different tools reach the highest values, they are close in magnitude, but the experimental data scatter is half as much after welding with a tool with small teeth. The joints produced with such a tool fractured along the interface of the joint, and after welding with a tool with large teeth, the fracture developed with nugget pull-out, which is explained by an increase in the stress intensity factor at the tip of the concentrator surrounding the weld spot.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ультразвуковая сварка (УЗС) металлов позволяет получать твердофазные соединения между тонкими заготовками и относится к энергоэффективным экологически чистым технологиям. Широкое использование этой технологии сдерживает невысокая прочность получаемых соединений и нестабильность их свойств. Одним из способов повышения прочностных характеристик является разработка сварочного инструмента, обеспечивающего стабильную передачу энергии ультразвуковых колебаний в зону соединения. Для этого на поверхность сварочного наконечника и наковальни наносят рельеф с зубцами или пирамидками разной формы и высоты. В работе представлены данные об усилиях и работе разрушения нахлесточных соединений, полученных точечной ультразвуковой сваркой пластин меди инструментом с высотой зубцов 0,1 и 0,4 мм. УЗС проводили с частотой 20 кГц и амплитудой колебаний 18–20 мкм, длительность сварки составляла 2 и 3 с, величина сжимающей нагрузки 2,5 кН. В работе рассмотрены особенности разрушения полученных соединений и распределения нормальных деформаций в сварной точке, рассчитаны коэффициенты интенсивности напряжений в ее окрестностях. Показано, что после УЗС в течение 3 с показатели прочности соединений, полученных разным инструментом, достигают наибольших значений, они близки по величине, однако разброс экспериментальных данных вдвое меньше после сварки инструментом с мелкими зубцами. Соединения, полученные таким инструментом, разрушаются по поверхности соединения, а после сварки инструментом с крупными зубцами – с отрывом сварной точки, что объясняется увеличением коэффициента интенсивности напряжений в вершине концентратора, окружающего сварную точку.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic welding of metals</kwd><kwd>solid-state joint</kwd><kwd>joint strength</kwd><kwd>welding tool relief</kwd><kwd>stress intensity factor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая сварка металлов</kwd><kwd>твердофазное соединение</kwd><kwd>прочность соединений</kwd><kwd>рельеф сварочного инструмента</kwd><kwd>коэффициент интенсивности напряжений</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out within the state assignment of IMSP RAS (No. 124022900006-2). Part of experimental data was obtained during the accomplishment of a project supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-19-00617, https://rscf.ru/project/22-19-00617/). Electron microscopic studies and mechanical tests were carried out on the facilities of shared services center of IMSP RAS “Structural and Physical-Mechanical Studies of Materials”. The author expresses deep gratitude to M.A. Murzinova, PhD (Engineering), and A.A. Nazarov, Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), for their assistance in conducting the research and a discussion of the results obtained.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ИПСМ РАН (регистрационный номер 124022900006-2). Часть экспериментальных данных получена при выполнении гранта РНФ № 22-19-00617 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-19-00617/). Микроструктурные исследования проводились на базе ЦКП ИПСМ РАН «Структурные и физико-механические исследования материалов». 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