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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Frontier Materials &amp; Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-4039</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6074</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Togliatti State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1060</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18323/2782-4039-2025-2-72-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interrelation between the microstructure and impact toughness of the interface of welded joints of 32HGMA and 40HN2MA steels produced by rotary friction welding</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь микроструктуры и ударной вязкости зоны сопряжения сварных соединений сталей 32ХГМА и 40ХН2МА, полученных ротационной сваркой трением</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4571-2410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Priymak</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приймак</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Director of Research and Educational Center of New Materials and Advanced Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией металловедения и термической обработки, директор научно-образовательного центра новых материалов и перспективных технологий</p></bio><email>e.prijmak@zbo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-8738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atamashkin</surname><given-names>Artem S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атамашкин</surname><given-names>Артём Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Engineering), senior researcher of Research and Educational Center of New Materials and Advanced Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-образовательного центра новых материалов и перспективных технологий</p></bio><email>atamashkin2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-3066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>Irina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Ирина Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), chief researcher of the Laboratory of Physical Metallurgy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории физического металловедения</p></bio><email>labmet@imp.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-7908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fot</surname><given-names>Andrey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фот</surname><given-names>Андрей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor, Chief Scientific Secretary – Head of Department of Dissertation Councils</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, главный ученый секретарь – начальник отдела диссертационных советов</p></bio><email>andreas.voht@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ZBO Drill Industries, Inc.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АО «Завод бурового оборудования»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики металлов имени М.Н. Михеева Уральского отделения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Priymak E.Y., Atamashkin A.S., Yakovleva I.L., Fot A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Приймак Е.Ю., Атамашкин А.С., Яковлева И.Л., Фот А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Priymak E.Y., Atamashkin A.S., Yakovleva I.L., Fot A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Приймак Е.Ю., Атамашкин А.С., Яковлева И.Л., Фот А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1060">https://vektornaukitech.ru/jour/article/view/1060</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper covers the assessment of the influence of the morphological features of the microstructure of medium-carbon alloyed steels, formed at different forces in the process of rotary friction welding (RFW), on the impact toughness of their interface. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of a joint produced by welding tubular billets of 32HGMA and 40HN2MA steels with an outer diameter of 73 mm and a wall thickness of 9 mm with a change in force at the stage of friction (heating) of the billets. The studies of the microstructure, microhardness and impact toughness on samples with a V-notch of welded joints were carried out in the initial state after welding and after tempering at a temperature of 550 °C. Macro- and microfractographic analysis of the destroyed samples was carried out. The study shows that the friction force affects the kinetics of phase transformations, phase composition and microstructure homogeneity in the steel junction zone. With a decrease in this parameter of rotational friction welding, the microstructure heterogeneity associated with the occurrence of upper bainite areas with uneven precipitation of large carbide particles increases, which has a negative effect on the viscosity of the steel interface both in the initial state and after tempering; the fracture mechanism is quasi-cleavage. At higher values of the friction force, the density of high-angle boundaries and the dispersion of the bainite microstructure increase, which ensures higher viscosity and energy capacity of destruction with the formation of a pitted microrelief. The obtained results open up space for regulating the visco-plastic properties of welded joints even at the welding stage without subsequent recrystallisation of the weld zone.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Настоящая работа посвящена оценке влияния морфологических особенностей микроструктуры среднеуглеродистых легированных сталей, сформированной при различном усилии в процессе ротационной сварки трением (РСТ), на ударную вязкость их зоны сопряжения. Приведены результаты экспериментального исследования соединения, полученного при сварке трубных заготовок из сталей 32ХГМА и 40ХН2МА с внешним диаметром 73 мм и толщиной стенки 9 мм при изменении силы на этапе трения (разогрева) заготовок. Исследования микроструктуры, микротвердости и ударной вязкости на образцах с <italic>V</italic>-образным надрезом сварных соединений были проведены в исходном состоянии после сварки и после отпуска при температуре 550 °С. Проведен макро- и микрофрактографический анализ разрушенных образцов. Показано, что сила при трении оказывает влияние на кинетику фазовых превращений, фазовый состав и однородность микроструктуры в зоне сопряжения сталей. С уменьшением данного параметра РСТ возрастает неоднородность микроструктуры, связанная с возникновением участков верхнего бейнита с неравномерными выделениями крупных карбидных частиц, что оказывает негативное влияние на вязкость зоны сопряжения сталей как в исходном состоянии, так и после отпуска; механизм разрушения – квазискол. При более высоких значениях силы при трении повышается плотность большеугловых границ и дисперсность микроструктуры бейнита, что обеспечивает более высокую вязкость и энергоемкость разрушения с формированием ямочного микрорельефа. Полученные результаты открывают возможности регулирования вязкопластических свойств сварных соединений уже на этапе сварки без последующей перекристаллизации зоны сварного шва.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rotary friction welding</kwd><kwd>medium-carbon alloyed steels</kwd><kwd>welded joint interface</kwd><kwd>martensite</kwd><kwd>bainite</kwd><kwd>impact toughness</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ротационная сварка трением</kwd><kwd>среднеуглеродистые легированные стали</kwd><kwd>зона сопряжения сварных соединений</kwd><kwd>мартенсит</kwd><kwd>бейнит</kwd><kwd>ударная вязкость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-79-01311, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-01311/. Electron microscope investigations using the electron backscatter diffraction method were carried out at the Center for Collective Use “Testing Center for Nanotechnologies of Advanced Materials” of the Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Studies using the Tescan Mira 3 scanning electron microscope were carried out at the Center for Collective Use of the Center for Identification and Support of Gifted Children “Gagarin” (Orenburg Region).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-79-01311, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-01311/. Электронно-микроскопические исследования с применением метода дифракции обратно рассеянных электронов выполнены в ИФМ УрО РАН в Центре коллективного пользования «Испытательный центр нанотехнологий перспективных материалов». Исследования с использованием сканирующего электронного микроскопа Tescan Mira 3 проводились в Центре коллективного пользования Центра выявления и поддержки одаренных детей «Гагарин» (Оренбургская область).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovchinnikov D.V., Sofrygina O.A., Zhukova S.Y., Pyshmintsev I.Y., Bityukov S.M. Influence of microalloying with boron on the structure and properties of high-strength oil pipe. Steel in Translation, 2011, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 356–360. DOI: 10.3103/S0967091211040188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ovchinnikov D.V., Sofrygina O.A., Zhukova S.Y., Pyshmintsev I.Y., Bityukov S.M. Influence of microalloying with boron on the structure and properties of high-strength oil pipe // Steel in Translation. 2011. Vol. 41. № 4. P. 356–360. 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